摘要
氮利用效率是评价作物生产及循环农业生产效率的重要指标,该研究比较"稻/草-食用菌-菜"循环农业的氮利用效率,为该模式在南方地区推广提供依据。该研究设置"水稻-食用菌-白菜"(R模式)和"狼尾草-食用菌-白菜"(P模式)2个循环农业模式,每个循环农业模式均包括3个生产环节,分别为:15N尿素栽培水稻和狼尾草(Ⅰ环节)、15N稻草和牧草栽培平菇(Ⅱ环节)、15N菌渣栽培白菜(Ⅲ环节)。结果表明,15N在稻谷的分配比例最高,为57.75%,而狼尾草第1次刈割15N分配比例最高,为58.94%。2模式氮利用效率均以Ⅰ环节最高,分别为23.44%和43.34%,其次为Ⅱ环节,Ⅲ环节最低,且P模式3个环节之间氮利用率达到显著水平;氮残留率以Ⅱ环节最高,其次为Ⅲ环节,Ⅰ环节最低。Ⅰ环节杂交狼尾草的氮利用效率高于水稻,Ⅱ环节利用杂交狼尾草栽培平菇氮利用效率也高于稻草栽培平菇,"狼尾草-食用菌-白菜"循环农业模式(P模式)的氮肥循环利用效率高于"水稻-食用菌-白菜"循环农业模式(R模式),表现为Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ环节P模式氮利用效率较R模式显著提高了84.90%、69.31%和47.29%。加环后2种循环农业模式氮利用效率均得到提高,与单一水稻/狼尾草种植相比,"稻/草-食用菌-白菜"模式植株地上部15N累积量分别从63.50和112.30 mg增加至115.33和169.89 mg,氮肥利用率分别从22.29%和39.41%增加至40.48%和59.62%。"狼尾草-食用菌-白菜"循环农业模式可在南方地区推广。
Nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUE)plays an important role in evaluating crop production and production efficiency of recycling agriculture.In this study,the NUE was systematically investigated in two recycling agriculture modes,in order to accelerate the application of"Rice/Pearl millet-Mushroom-Cabbage"in the southern China.Two recycling agricultural modes were the"Rice-Mushroom-Cabbage"marked as mode R,whereas,the"Pearl millet-Mushroom-Cabbage"marked as mode P.Each recycling agricultural mode included three sectors,namely,three experiments.The first sector was that the 15N-labeled urea was applied as the nitrogen fertilizer to rice and pearl millet(Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum),marked asⅠsector.The second sector was that two straws harvested from rice and pearl millet ofⅠsector were used as substrates to cultivate oyster mushroom,marked asⅡsector.The third sector was that mushroom residues were applied as fertilizer to cultivate cabbage,marked asⅢsector.A 15N tracer technique was used to evaluate the NUE in two recycling agricultural modes in three sectors.The results indicated that the distribution of 15N in the rice grain was 57.75%,greater than that of straw,while,that in the first harvest pearl millet was the highest,accounting for 58.94%.The highest nitrogen distribution inⅠsector of mode R was in soil,followed by the aboveground plant and root,while that of mode P was observed in plant,followed by the soil and root.The order of nitrogen distribution in two modes was ranked as:the mushroom residues>oyster mushroom inⅡsector,and soil>plant>root inⅢsector.The highest NUE was observed inⅠsector of R and mode P,which were 23.44%and 43.34%,respectively.The second was inⅡsector,and the lowest was observed inⅢsector.There were significant differences for the NUE in three sectors of mode P,and the NUE inⅠsector of mode P significantly increased 19.23%and 92.97%,compared with theⅡandⅢsector,respectively.The highest nitrogen residue rate(NRR)was observed inⅡsector of R and mode P,which were 43.48%and 50.74%,respectively,followed by that in theⅢsector,and the lowest was inⅠsector.The NUE of mode P significantly increased 84.90%,69.31%and 47.29%,compared with mode R inⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅠ+Ⅱ+Ⅲsector,respectively.Meanwhile,there was no significant difference for the NUE between mode P and mode R in theⅢsector.The NRR of mode P was lower than mode R inⅠsector.There was an opposite performance inⅡsector,and a higher NRR was observed in mode P.The nitrogen loss rate(NLR)of mode P was lower than that of mode R inⅡsector,while,there was no significant difference for the NLR between two modes inⅠandⅢsector.The percentage of N derived from 15N fertilizer(Ndff)of mode P was higher than that of mode R inⅠsector,and there was no significant difference for Ndff between two modes inⅡandⅢsector.The NUE of two recycling agriculture modes was improved after adding sectors,compared with the solo rice/pearl millet planting,the 15N accumulation in the aboveground plants of recycling agriculture in mode R and mode P increased from 63.50 and 112.30 mg to 115.33 and 169.89 mg,and the NUE increased from 22.29%and 39.41%to 40.48%and 59.62%,indicating the increases of 18.19 and 20.21 percentage point,respectively.The NUE of pearl millet was higher than that of rice,and the utilization efficiency of oyster mushroom assimilating nitrogen from pearl millet substrate was also higher than that from the rice straw substrate.Simultaneously,where the NUE,NLR and Ndff of"Pearl millet-Mushroom-Cabbage"mode behaved better than that of the"Rice-MushroomCabbage"mode.Therefore,it infers that the recycling system of"Pearl millet-Mushroom-Cabbage"was fit for the application in south China.
作者
钟珍梅
黄勤楼
陈钟钿
黄秀声
冯德庆
Zhong Zhenmei;Huang Qinlou;Chen Zhongdian;Huang Xiusheng;Feng Deqing(Agricultural Ecological Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第21期253-259,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2018R1016-1)
福建省自然基金项目(2018J01034)和福建省农业科学院项目(STIT2017-2-10,AA2018-5)联合资助。
关键词
氮肥
尿素肥料
水稻
狼尾草
食用菌
循环农业
15N标记技术
nitrogen fertilizers
urea fertilizers
rice
Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum
mushroom
recycling agriculture
15N labelling technique
