摘要
大运河和漕运活动的产生、发展和军事活动、地缘政治活动的关系很大。春秋战国时代的陆权斗争推动兼并战争活动,并催生早期运河。内亚游牧陆权和中原农业王朝双方间在中间地带不时发生的权力斗争也带有陆权斗争的性质。北方游牧民族和中原农业帝国的陆权斗争,在长城沿线形成军事对峙线,通过军事需求对漕运造成持续的需求。大运河维系的漕运主干线同时也是古代王朝国家安全的经济生命线。农业王朝北方控制线的伸缩,也反映出大运河工程所遭遇的地理限度。大运河的北方终点被自然地理条件限制在400毫米等降水量线附近,大致为长城沿线。越过这条线去作战,成本将会大大提升。近代社会变革导致漕运退出历史舞台成为必然。
The emergence and development of the Grand Canal and the grain transport activities are closely related to military and geopolitical activities.The land power struggle in the Spring and Autumn and warring States period promoted the mergers war and gave birth to the early canal.The power struggle between the nomadic land power and the central Plains dynasty occurred from time to time in the intermediate zone with the nature of land power struggle.The struggle for land power between the northern nomads and the central Plains agricultural empire brought out a military confrontation line along the Great Wall,which caused continuous demand for military grain transport.The grain transport trunk line maintained by the Grand Canal was also the economic lifeline of the national security of the ancient dynasty.The expansion of Control Line in the North of the agricultural dynasty also reflected the geographical limits encountered by the Grand Canal project.The northern end of the Grand Canal is limited by physical geography to near 400 mm iso-precipitation line,which is along the Great Wall.To fight across this line would raise the cost considerably.The social reform in modern times made it inevitable for the grain transport to withdraw from the historical stage.
作者
张晓东
ZHANG Xiao-dong(Institute of history,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200234)
出处
《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
2020年第6期54-59,共6页
Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition
关键词
运河
漕运
陆权
地缘政治
Canal
Grain transportation
Land power
geopolitical
