摘要
青藏高原自然环境较为极端,自然环境对人类聚落分布格局影响较大,在自然环境因素中选取10个准则层和26个次级指标,运用ArcGIS和SPSS统计分析软件,对26个指标进行主成分分析,确定了影响高原人居环境的主要环境因子,并结合聚类和异常值分析方法,建立了该区域人居环境自然适宜性评价函数模型,得到相应适宜性评价指数、分级阈值和区划范围,探讨了人居环境自然适宜性特征及其空间差异。研究表明:影响青藏高原人居环境自然适宜性分异的主要因子是气温、蒸发量、海拔、植被NPP分类及坡向,其累计贡献率达到71.351%。研究区整体上属生态敏感和生态脆弱区,人居环境适宜性不高,空间分布不平衡,高低值聚簇现象显著,适宜性指数介于0.13—0.63之间,由高原东南部呈半月形向西北部腹地递减。川西高原和横断山区自然要素最佳组合使其成为高度适宜区,面积占比12.64%,为各区最少(326741 km2);分布于河湟谷地、青南高原及“一江两河”流域的比较适宜区面积占比14.89%,在各区中的乡镇数量(616个)最多;一般适宜区分布范围最广,主要为柴达木盆地、那曲高原及藏南谷地,面积占比49.30%,达1274024 km2;藏北高原自然环境恶劣,面积占比23.18%,不适宜人类长期居住;此外青藏高原乡镇数量、分布范围与人居环境适宜性出现不一致现象揭示高原人居环境适宜性由自然环境与社会人文环境等多种因素共同决定,不单受自然环境因子制约。
The natural environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is particularly harsh,and it has a greater impact on the distribution pattern of human settlements.In this study,10 criterion layers and 26 sub-indicators were selected from natural environmental factors,and the above 26 indicators were summarized and analyzed by ArcGIS and SPSS.This method can determine the main environmental factors that affect the human settlement environment on the plateau.On this basis,combined with clustering and outlier analysis methods,a function model for evaluating the natural suitability of the human settlement environment in the region is established.We Use this model to obtain the corresponding suitability evaluation index,classification threshold and zoning range,and to analyze the natural suitability characteristics and spatial differences of human settlements.The research shows that the main factors affecting the natural suitability of human settlements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are temperature,evaporation,altitude,vegetation NPP classification and aspect,and its cumulative contribution rate reaches 71.351%.Most of the plateaus are ecologically sensitive and ecologically fragile areas with low suitability for human settlements,uneven spatial distribution,and significant clustering of high and low values,and the suitability index is between 0.13-0.63,spatially showing a half-moon in the southeast.The shape decreases toward the hinterland of the northwest declining to the hinterland of the northwest.The best combination of natural elements in the western Sichuan Plateau and Hengduan Mountains makes it a highly suitable area with an area of 12.64%,which is the smallest(326741 km2)in each area;a suitable area is distributed in the Hehuang Valley,the Qingnan Plateau and the“One River and Two Rivers”basin.The area accounts for 14.89%,and the number of townships(616)in each district is the most.Generally,the suitable area is the most widely distributed,mainly in the Qaidam Basin,Naqu Plateau and the South Tibet Valley.The area accounts for 49.30%,reaching 1274024 km2.The northern Tibetan Plateau has a harsh natural environment with an area accounting for 23.18%,which is not suitable for long-term human habitation.In addition,the inconsistency between the number and distribution of towns and villages on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the suitability of human settlements reveals that the suitability of the human settlements in the plateau is determined by various factors such as the natural environment and the social and cultural environment,and is not only restricted by natural environmental factors.
作者
许长军
金孙梅
王英
XU Changjun;JIN Sunmei;WANG Ying(Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application,Provincial Geomatics Center of Qinghai,Xining 810001,China;School of Geography Science,Qinghai Normal University,Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Ecological Conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Xining 810001,China;Qinghai Province Geographic Information Industry Development Co.,Ltd,Xining 810001,China)
出处
《生态科学》
CSCD
2020年第6期93-103,共11页
Ecological Science
基金
青海省科技成果转化专项(2018-NK-126)
第二次青藏高原科考-综合灾害风险评价与防御子课题(2019QZKK0906)
青海省地理空间信息技术与应用重点实验室基金(2019-002)。
关键词
GIS
青藏高原
人居环境
适宜性评价
GIS
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
human settlements
suitability evaluation
