摘要
基于1961~2019年山西省109个气象观测站的观测资料,以7种天气灾害1971~2019年指标值的为基本气候态,运用均值法、Sufer软件进行数据可视化,系统分析了山西省主要灾害性天气发生的特点、区域分布以及造成的损失。结果表明:(1)暴雨天气年均日数呈南多北少、迎风坡多背风坡少的分布特点,全省暴雨年均日数为0.1~1.2 d,东南部是暴雨天气发生风险最大的地区。(2)降雪天气年均日数总体呈现东南部、西北部地区多,中部、南部地区少;山区多盆地少的分布特点。西北部地区是降雪天气发生风险最大的地区。(3)冰雹天气年均日数呈阶梯状分布,冰雹年均日数随纬度升高、海拔升高而增加,山区多于盆地,北部地区多于南部地区,东部地区多于西部地区。北部及东部地区是冰雹天气发生风险最大的地区。(4)大风天气年均日数呈北部多于南部、山区多于盆地的特点。西北部地区是大风天气发生风险最大的地区。(5)南部的运城、临汾中部地区是高温发生风险最大的地区。(6)轻旱灾害主要集中在大同盆地、太原盆地和临汾盆地,年均日数为117~184 d;重旱及以上灾害主要集中在太原盆地及南部临汾和运城,年均日数为27~53 d。大同盆地、太原盆地和临汾盆地是干旱天气发生风险最大的地区。(7)霜冻天气主要集中在北部和中部地区,霜冻年均日数由北向南逐渐减少;初霜日由北向南相继出现终霜日由南向北相继结束。山西中北部和中东部地区是霜日天气发生最多的地区。
Based on the meteorological data of 109 weather stations in Shanxi Province from 1961 to 2019,taking the index values of 7 kinds of weather disasters from 1971 to 2019 as the basic climate state,the characteristics,regional distribution and losses of disastrous weather were analyzed systematically by using mean method and Sufer software.The results showed that the annual average days of rainstorm had the characteristics of more in the south than in the north,and more in windward slopes than in leeward slopes,which was 0.1-1.2 days,and the risk of rainstorm was the greatest in the southeast.The annual average days of snowfall had the characteristics of more in the southeast and northwest than in the central and south,and more in mountain area than basin,and the risk of rainstorm was the greatest in the northwest.The annual average days of hail distributed in ladder shape,which increased with the rising of latitude and elevation,was more in mountain area than basin,more in the north than the south,and more in the east than the west,and the risk of hail was the greatest in the north and east.The annual average days of gale had the characteristics of more in the north than the south and more in mountain than basin.The areas with the most gales are located in the northwest,and the risk of gale was the greatest in the northwest.The risk of high temperature was the greatest in Linfen and the central area of Yuncheng.The light drought disaster was mainly located in Datong Basin,Taiyuan Basin and Linfen Basin with the annual average days of 117-184.The severe drought and above disasters were mainly located in Taiyuan Basin,Linfen and Yunchen with the annual average days of 27-53.The risk of drought was the greatest in Datong Basin,Taiyuan Basin and Linfen Basin.Frost weather was mainly located in the north and central area,the annual average days of frost reduced from the north to the south.The first frost day appeared one after another from the north to the south,while the last frost day appeared one after another from the south to the north.The frost days were the most in the central north and central east areas.
作者
张祎玮
李芬
ZHANG Yi-wei;LI Fen(Shanxi Climate Center,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shanxi Early Warning Information Releasing Center,Taiyuan 030006,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2020年第5期82-88,共7页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D321006)
山西气象青年基金项目(SXKQNNY20185139)。
关键词
山西省
灾害性天气
风险
Shanxi Province
Disastrous weather
Risk
