摘要
减贫、环境保护与良好健康是2030年可持续发展议程的重要目标。当前全球在实现可持续发展目标方面进展缓慢,而2020年底中国即将宣告消除绝对贫困、转向缓解相对贫困,因此有必要探讨三项目标之间的关系,特别是研究减缓相对贫困会对环境质量、公众健康和社会福利产生什么影响,未来又会发生怎样的变化,中国该如何应对。本文基于OLG模型发现,减缓相对贫困会增加贫困居民收入,刺激消费需求,促进生产扩张,进而加重环境污染和健康风险,造成减贫、环境与健康之间的冲突,同时不一定会增进社会福利。结合中国和瑞典两国实际,研究发现,当政策制定者越重视社会公平或者贫富收入差距和健康投资差距越小时,相对贫困治理越有可能造成社会福利损失。基于数值模拟进一步发现,配合实施减缓相对贫困、降低生产污染强度和生活污染强度、提高健康服务效率,能够实现增进社会福利的政策目标。因此,在可持续发展进程中,必须警惕减贫、环境与健康间冲突风险,强化国家层面政策一致性,倡导国际层面交流合作,协同推进相对贫困减缓、绿色生产、绿色消费与健康保障。
Poverty alleviation,environmental protection and good health are important goals of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development,At the moment,the global progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals has been slow,and China will eradicate absolute poverty and then turn to alleviate relative poverty by the end of 2020.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the nexus among these three goals.Particularly,how can relative poverty alleviation affect the environmental quality,public health and social welfare?how will these effects change in the future?and how can China address this issue?Based on the OLG model,this paper finds that as individuals are lifted out of relative poverty,the rise of income would stimulate consumption demand,promote production expansion,then increase the environmental pollution and health risk,and finally lead to the conflict among poverty alleviation,environment and health.Meanwhile,the relative poverty alleviation doesn’t necessarily benefit the social welfare.Combined with the practices in China and Sweden,we find that the more attentions policymakers pay to social equality,or the less both of the income gap and the health investment gap between the poor and the rich are,the more likely relative poverty management is to damage social welfare.With the numerical simulation,this study further finds that relative poverty alleviation combined with the drop of the pollution intensities in the production and life processes and the rise of the health service productivity would achieve the policy goal of enhancing social welfare.Therefore,in the sustainable development process,there is a high alert to the conflict risk among poverty alleviation,environment and health,and it is suggested to strengthen policy coherence at the national level and advocate the exchange and cooperation at the international level to collaboratively promote relative poverty alleviation,green consumption,green production and health care.
作者
陈素梅
何凌云
CHEN Su-mei;HE Ling-yun(Institute of Industrial Economics CASS,Beijing100044,China;School of Economics,Jinan University,Guangzhou 501632,China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第10期62-80,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于需求系统分析视角的公共交通污染排放外部性研究”(批准号71874070)
国家社会科学基金重大转重点项目“中国加工贸易绿色利益模型构建及对策研究”(批准号19AZD003)
国家自然科学基金青年项目“大气污染、公众健康与经济增长:中国环境税路径选择研究”(批准号71803191)。
关键词
相对贫困减缓
环境保护
健康保障
社会福利
relative poverty alleviation
environmental protection
health care
social welfare
