摘要
中国贫困治理特别是“精准脱贫”取得的巨大成就,为我们深刻理解“中国模式”并发展国家理论提供了重要的契机。中国的贫困治理模式成功地将执政党的政治领导力转换为一种现代化的国家治理能力,将贫困人口的个人福利上升到国家战略的高度,发挥了中央权威的理性化优势,激发了地方政府与社会协同治理的活力。中国特色社会主义制度的本质决定了中国贫困治理的政治逻辑:以福利分配为导向的贫困治理,是一种普遍的“人民福利”,而不是排他的少数人的特权;是一种基于“共同富裕”和“全面实现小康社会”的国家目标,而不是为赢得选举而安抚选民的功利手段;是一种旨在帮助贫困人口形成致富能力的发展意义上的分配制度,而不是“托底式”的功利性社会救济。中国的贫困治理用事实证明了社会主义制度在福利分配方面的政治优势,有力挑战了西方传统的福利国家理论。同时,为帮助发展中国家摆脱以西方为师的理论贫乏与制度枯竭的困境,提供了具有参考性的替代方案。
The great achievements of poverty control in China,especially“targeted poverty alleviation,”provide an important opportunity to gain a deep understanding of the“China model”and develop state theory.China’s poverty governance model has successfully transformed the political leadership of the ruling party into a modernized national governance capacity,elevated the individual welfare of the poor population to the height of national strategy,given full play to the rational advantage of the central authority,and stimulated the vitality of coordinated governance between local governments and society.The nature of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics determines the political logic of poverty governance in China:poverty governance oriented by welfare distribution is a kind of universal“people’s welfare”rather than the privilege of an exclusive minority;it is a national goal based on“common prosperity”and“the realization of a moderately prosperous society in all respects,”rather than a utilitarian means to appease voters in order to win elections;and it is a distribution system in the development sense,aiming to give the poor the ability to get rich,rather than utilitarian social relief aimed at“supporting the underclass.”The facts prove that poverty control in China has the political advantages of the socialist system as regards welfare distribution,an approach that presents a strong challenge to traditional Western theories of the welfare state.At the same time,it provides an alternative reference solution that helps developing countries to throw off the tutelage of the West,which is mired in impoverished theories and systemic exhaustion.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第10期4-25,204,共23页
Social Sciences in China
