摘要
查考百年来出土的吐鲁番文献中记载竺(竹)姓的写本文献,发现无论是在高昌郡、高昌国时代,还是唐西州时期,竺(竹)姓人既从事画师、建筑、酿酒、耕作等底层劳作,也从事外国使节的后勤接待,出任基层官员,担任“典”“府”一类办理文案的胥吏、“录事”一类受事发辰勾检稽失的杂任、掌捍守御捉拿盗贼总判戍事的戍主、管理水渠的堰头、召集驿户的驿长,还兼任“耆老”一类的乡贤。在经济上,有竺(竹)姓人担任民事契约的放贷人、保人和见证人——这意味着在丝绸之路具有良好的经济实力和公信声望。竺(竹)姓人与汉人和粟特人通婚,与各民族人际交往密切,融入主流社会的速度快,程度高。在军事上,文献可见竹姓人成为前庭府和蒲昌府的府兵,征镇远行,成为“长探”等技术兵种。丝绸之路上的竺(竹)姓积极融入汉文化价值观,信仰儒、道文化和汉传佛教,在政治上积极参政,在军事上保家卫国,在经济上勤恳经营,在技术上多才多艺,他们承担着国家的赋税徭役,与各民族一起,共同谱写了中华民族共同体西域篇章。
While examining the manuscripts concerning the surname“Zhu”in the Turpan documents unearthed over the past hundred years,we found that either in the period of Gaochang高昌Prefecture,or in the period of Gaochang kingdom or Xizhou西州Prefecture period of the Tang dynasty,the people with the surname Zhu were not only engaged in painting,building,brewing,farming and other grass-roots work,but also engaged in the reception for foreign envoys,serving as low-level officials,or acting as petty officials titled as“dian典”and“fu府”whose responsibility was to deal with concrete affairs,“lushi录事”as in charge of documents and records,“shuzhu戍主”whose responsibilities were to guard localplaces,capture thieves and manage garrison affairs,the head managing canals,the post master facilitating posthouses,and the gentry such as“qilao耆老”(old gentleman with high social rank)and so on.In the economic field,the people with the surname Zhu acted as lenders,insurers and witnesses of civil contracts,which indicates that they had good economic strength and reputation for public trust on the Silk Road.They intermarried with the Han and Sogdian,kept close interpersonal communication with other ethnic groups,and integrated into the mainstream society at a high speed and in a deep degree.In the military sphere,they took an active part in the military actions of the state.For example,they acted as the soldiers of the Qianting fu前庭府and Puchang fu蒲昌府,joined the expeditions and became technical soldiers such as“scouts”.The people with the surname Zhu on the Silk Road actively absorbed the Han cultural values,believing in Confucianism,Taoism and Chinese Buddhism.In the political sphere,they actively participated in governmental affairs;in the military sphere,they protected and defended the country;in the economic sphere,they worked hard to run their business;in the technical sphere,they were of versatility,and they bore the state tax and the corvee.Together with people of different ethnic backgrounds,they have written the chapter of the xiyu西域(literally,the western region)within the community of the Chinese nation.
出处
《民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期87-102,M0004,M0005,共18页
Ethno-National Studies
基金
2017年国家社科基金重大项目“吐鲁番文献合集校注·语言文字研究及语料库建设”(项目批准号:17ZDA314)的阶段性研究成果。
