摘要
人口老龄化背景下,传统成年监护制度存在过多介入和过少保护的问题,现代成年监护制度改革的两个核心问题是去行为能力化和类型化。《中华人民共和国民法总则》第28条规定的法定监护,采取一元监护模式,将监护制度作为主体法的组成部分,与行为能力制度密切关联。就法定成年监护制度而言,完全去行为能力化既不现实也会带来危害,应当持一种立宪主义、自由主义的精神,最大限度地避免行为能力制度对法定成年监护的影响。引进协助决定理念,兼顾"最有利于被监护人原则"和"尊重真实意愿原则",以《中华人民共和国民法总则》第35条为法律依据,在一元法定成年监护模式下,进行层级化构建。根据成年人的精神状况、意思能力、身体条件等,将其具体分为监护、协助和辅助三个层级。《中华人民共和国民法典》出台以后,最高人民法院应当通过司法解释和案例指导,发挥更为积极的作用,为成年人尤其是老年人创造一个安全、自由、宽松的监护氛围,维护其人格的自由发展。
Against the background of population aging,the traditional adult guardianship system receives excessive intervention and too little protection.The two core problems of the modern adult guardianship system reform are de-capacity and categorization.The legal guardianship system stipulated in Article 28 of the General Provisions of the Civil Law adopts a unitary guardianship mode,which regards the guardianship system as an integral part of the subject law and is closely related to the system of capacity.As far as the legal adult guardianship system is concerned,it is not realistic and also harmful to achieve absolute de-capacity.We should try hard to avoid the influence of the capacity system on the legal adult guardianship with a spirit of constitutionalism and liberalism.We should also introduce the concept of assisted decision-making,and achieve a balance between the principle of"the most conducive to the ward"and the principle of"respecting the true will".On the basis of Article 35 of the General Provisions of the Civil Law,the hierarchical construction is carried out under the unified legal adult guardianship mode.According to adults’mental condition,physical condition and ability to express themselves,it can be divided into three levels:guardianship,protection and assistance.After the promulgation of the civil code,the Supreme People’s Court should play a more active role in creating a safe,free and elastic system for adults(especially older adults),and safeguarding the free development of their personality through judicial interpretation and guidance of cases.
作者
陈雄
牛盼盼
CHEN Xiong;NIU Panpan(School of Law,Hu’nan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412007,Hu'nan Province,China)
出处
《老龄科学研究》
2020年第4期20-33,共14页
Scientific Research on Aging
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“构建中国特色老年法体系研究”(17ZDA134)。
关键词
人口老龄化
成年监护
行为能力
协助决定
population aging
adult guardianship
behavior ability
assisted decision-making
