摘要
本研究旨在比较国产95型菜籽粕(C95RM)、国产200型菜籽粕(C200RM)、冷生榨菜籽饼(CMM)、印度菜籽粕(IRM)和加拿大菜籽粕(CRM)对草鱼生长、抗氧化能力、非特异性免疫力及肝脏组织形态的影响。选取大小均匀、体格健壮草鱼幼鱼(初始平均体重1.8 g)990尾,随机分为11组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。对照组投喂基础饲料,试验组分别投喂20%(C95RM-Ⅰ、C200RM-Ⅰ、CMM-Ⅰ、IRM-Ⅰ、CRM-Ⅰ组)和35%添加水平(C95RM-Ⅱ、C200RM-Ⅱ、CMM-Ⅱ、IRM-Ⅱ、CRM-Ⅱ组)下5种不同类型菜籽粕等蛋白质替代基础饲料中豆粕配制的试验饲料。试验期8周。结果表明:20%菜籽粕添加水平下,IRM-Ⅰ组摄食率(FI)和饲料系数(FCR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但日增重系数(DGC)、蛋白质效率(PER)和蛋白质沉积率(PPV)显著低于对照组(P<0.05);CMM-Ⅰ、IRM-Ⅰ和CRM-Ⅰ组血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),C200RM-Ⅰ组血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);C95RM-Ⅰ、CMM-Ⅰ、IRM-Ⅰ和CRM-Ⅰ组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),C95RM-Ⅰ组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。35%菜籽粕添加水平下,CMM-Ⅱ、IRM-Ⅱ和CRM-Ⅱ组FI和FCR显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但DGC、PER和PPV显著低于对照组(P<0.05);C200RM-Ⅱ、CMM-Ⅱ和IRM-Ⅱ组血浆CAT活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),C95RM-Ⅱ、CMM-Ⅱ、IRM-Ⅱ和CRM-Ⅱ组血清IgM含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),CMM-Ⅱ和IRM-Ⅱ组血清补体3(C3)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),CRM-Ⅱ和CMM-Ⅱ组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量和ALT活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肝脏组织学观察发现,20%添加水平的CMM和IRM会造成肝细胞损伤,且替代比例越高,损伤越严重。综上所述,当菜籽粕添加水平为20%时,IRM导致草鱼氧化应激反应并降低非特异性免疫力,从而抑制其生长性能,IRM在草鱼饲料中的添加水平应小于20%;当菜籽粕添加水平为35%时,IRM、CMM和CRM导致草鱼氧化应激反应并降低非特异性免疫力,破坏肝脏完整性从而导致生长性能下降,CMM和CRM草鱼饲料中的添加水平应控制在20%~35%。
The purpose of this study was to compare the Chinese 95-type rapeseed meal(C95RM),Chinese 200-type rapeseed meal(C200RM),coolant mustard meal(CMM),Indian rapeseed meal(IRM),Canadian rapeseed meal(CRM)on growth,antioxidant capacity,non-specific immunity and hepatic histology of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).A total of 990 uniform size and strong physique grass carp(initial average weight 1.8 g)were selected and randomly divided into 11 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate.Fish in the group were fed a basal diet,and others in experimental groups were fed experimental diets which formulated with five different types of rapeseed meal equal protein replaced soybean meal in basal diet at 20%(C95RM-Ⅰ,C200RM-Ⅰ,CMM-Ⅰ,IRM-Ⅰand CRM-Ⅰgroups)and 35%supplemental levels(C95RM-Ⅱ,C200RM-Ⅱ,CMM-Ⅱ,IRM-Ⅱand CRM-Ⅱgroups).The experiment lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed as follows:at 20%supplemental level of rapeseed meal,the feed intake(FI)and feed conversion ratio(FCR)of IRM-Ⅰgroup were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),but the daily gain coefficient(DGC),protein efficiency ratio(PER)and protein deposition rate(PPV)were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the plasma catalase(CAT)activity of CMM-Ⅰ,IRM-Ⅰand CRM-Ⅰgroups was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the plasma malondialdehyde(MDA)content of C200RM-Ⅰgroup was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the serum immunoglobulin M(IgM)content of C95RM-Ⅰ,CMM-Ⅰ,IRM-Ⅰand CRM-Ⅰgroups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity of C95RM-Ⅰgroups was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).At 20%supplemental level of rapeseed meal,the FI and FCR of CMM-Ⅱ,IRM-Ⅱand CRM-Ⅱgroups were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),but the DGC,PER and PVV were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the plasma CAT activity of C200RM-Ⅱ,CMM-Ⅱand IRM-Ⅱgroups was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),the serum IgM content of C95RM-Ⅱ,CMM-Ⅱ,IRM-Ⅱand CRM-Ⅱgroups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),the serum complement 3(C3)content of CMM-Ⅱand IRM-Ⅱgroups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the serum triglyceride(TG)content and ALT activity of CRM-Ⅱand CMM-Ⅱgroups were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Histological observation of the liver revealed that 20%supplemental level of IRM and CMM caused hepatocyte injury,and higher supplemental level would worsen hepatocyte injury.In summary,at 20%supplemental level of rapeseed meal,IRM reduce the growth performance of grass carp by inducing oxidative stress and reducing non-specific immunity,so that the supplemental level of IRM should be less than 20%;at 35%supplemental level of rapeseed meal,IRM,CRM and CMM reduce the growth performance of grass carp by inducing oxidative stress,reducing non-specific immunity,and damage the liver integrity,therefore,the supplemental level of CRM and CMM in the diets should be controlled in 20%to 35%.
作者
陈路斯
王恒志
米海峰
张璐
林贝贝
张新党
张剑伟
邓君明
CHEN Lusi;WANG Hengzhi;MI Haifeng;ZHANG Lu;LIN Beibei;ZHANG Xindang;ZHANG Jianwei;DENG Junming(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Tongwei Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第9期4260-4276,共17页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31760761)
通威股份有限公司产学研合作项目(TA2016A001,TA2019A003)。
关键词
菜籽粕
草鱼
生长性能
抗氧化能力
非特异性免疫力
肝脏组织形态
rapeseed meal
grass carp
growth performance
antioxidant capacity
non-specific immunity
hepatic histology
