摘要
采用电磁发射试验研究在电流作用下CuCrZr合金材料表面组织和性能变化。试验以CuCrZr合金作为发射轨道,7075铝合金作为发射电枢。对试验后的CuCrZr合金样品,进行硬度、金相显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)形貌与能谱(EDS)分析。分析结果表明:由于电流的作用,在电磁发射初期,电枢相对运动速度较慢,电流焦耳热效应占主导地位,使铜合金轨道材料表面发生熔化,并形成高铝沉积层,组织上呈现柱状晶等明显热效应产物;在发射后期,电枢对轨道的冲击作用占主导地位,材料组织上呈现晶粒细化和塑性变形等典型力学损伤特征。由于热效应的存在提高了铝原子的能量,使其向CuCrZr合金轨道基体内发生扩散现象,组织中的铝原子浓度梯度电枢速度的增加,呈下降趋势。溶入轨道基体的铝原子和电枢对轨道冲击作用产生的形变,使轨道材料表面产生强化效应,提高了轨道材料上下表面的硬度,使其沿厚度方向呈"U"形分布。
The electromagnetic emission test was adopted to study the surface microstructure and properties of CuCrZr alloy under the action of electric current.CuCrZr alloy was used as launching rail material and 7075 aluminum alloy as armature material.The tested CuCrZr alloy samples were analyzed by hardness test,optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).The results showed that due to the effect of electric current,the relative speed of armatures was slower in the initial stage of electromagnetic launching,and the Joule heating effect of current dominates,which caused the surface melting of copper alloy rail materials and the formation of a high-aluminum deposition layer,the obvious heat effect products such as columnar crystals appeared in the microstructure.In the late stage of launching,the impact action of armature on rail dominates,and the microstructure presented the typical mechanical damage characteristics such as grain refinement and plastic deformation.Due to the existence of heat effect,the energy of aluminum atom was increased,which made it diffuse into the CuCrZr alloy matrix.The increase of the armature velocity of the gradient of Al atom concentration in the microstructure tended to decrease.The deformation caused by the impact of Al atoms and armature dissolved in the rail matrix on the surface of the rail material had a strengthening effect,which improved the hardness of the upper and lower surface of the rail material and made it distribute in a"U"shape along the thickness direction.
作者
黄伟
杨黎明
史戈宁
刘晓彬
陈子明
田开文
Huang Wei;Yang Liming;Shi Gening;Liu Xiaobing;Chen Ziming;Tian Kaiwen(College of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315000,China;Ningbo Branch of Chinese Academy of Ordnance Science,Ningbo 315103,China;Yantai Wanlong Vacuum Metallurgy Co.,Ltd.,Yantai 264006,China)
出处
《稀有金属》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期687-696,共10页
Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金
中国兵器工业集团创新团队基金项目(2017)
国家安全重大基础研究项目(6132270201)资助。
关键词
CUCRZR
轨道
铝沉积层
焦耳热
电磁力
CuCrZr
rail
residual aluminum layer
joule heat
electromagnetic force
