摘要
为科学准确地评判河西走廊苜蓿主产区紫花苜蓿饲草生产中施肥措施对其产品质量及生产收益的影响,本研究以“甘农3号”紫花苜蓿为材料,通过2016、2017年2年田间试验,以该区域紫花苜蓿饲草生产的平衡施肥推荐方案(N 103.5 kg·hm^-2、P2O5105 kg·hm^-2、K2O 90 kg·hm^-2)为对照,探讨了不施肥及3种不完全施肥(缺氮偏施、缺磷偏施、缺钾偏施)处理下紫花苜蓿的生产性能,并采用数据包络分析法(DEA)对其经济效益进行分析。结果表明:与不施肥相比,施肥措施各处理均显著提高紫花苜蓿产量、蛋白总量,降低其酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维,提高了相对饲用价值,从而改善了紫花苜蓿品质,并有效增加了经济效益;与氮、磷、钾平衡施肥相比,各偏肥处理的紫花苜蓿产量和品质均显著低于平衡施肥,尤以缺磷偏施的降幅最大,2016、2017年2年的产量和蛋白总量降幅分别达到25.9%、25.7%和33.4%、33.1%。因此,磷是河西荒漠灌区紫花苜蓿饲草生产的养分限制因子,氮、磷、钾对该地区紫花苜蓿生产性能影响顺序为:磷>氮>钾。运用数据包络分析法(DEA)分析出河西荒漠灌区紫花苜蓿的施肥效应为氮、磷、钾平衡施肥的经济效益最优,为DEA有效;不完全施肥的3个评价单元及不施肥评价单元为DEA无效,其中,不施肥经济效益最低,3个不完全施肥评价单元中的缺磷偏肥的紫花苜蓿经济效益比缺氮偏肥和缺钾偏肥更低;另外还以DEA模型推算出不同施肥措施下紫花苜蓿饲草生产经济效益改进的具体方案,其中,不施肥的紫花苜蓿饲草生产需调整的幅度最大,调整额度达10678.88 CNY·hm^-2,各施肥措施需调整的幅度排序为:不施肥>缺磷偏施>缺氮偏施>缺钾偏施。
This study quantitatively assessed the effects of various fertilization regimes on the herbage quality and yield of‘Gannong No.3’alfalfa in the main production areas of the Hexi Corridor.In a field experiment conducted in 2016 and 2017,a balanced fertilization regime(N 103.5 kg·ha^-1,P2O5105 kg·ha^-1,K2O 90 kg·ha^-1)recommended for alfalfa forage production this area was used as a control and compared with nil fertilization,or with a suboptimal level of one of the three elements,N,P or K,and economic benefit was analyzed by data envelopment analysis(DEA).It was found that compared with no fertilization,all fertilizer treatments significantly increased alfalfa yield and total protein content,reduced the acid and neutral detergent fiber levels,improved relative feeding value,and increased the economic benefit.Compared with balanced fertilization,yield and quality of alfalfa herbage of treatments receiving the suboptimal fertilizer regimes were significantly lower than those of the balanced fertilization treatment,especially in the case of suboptimal P application.In 2016 and 2017,the total yield decreased by 25.9%and 25.7%,respectively,and the total protein concentration by 33.4%,33.1%,respectively,relative to balanced fertilization,on the suboptimal P treatment.These results demonstrate that phosphorus is the nutrient limiting factor for alfalfa forage production in the desert irrigation area of Hexi,and that the importance-ranking of the three tested fertilizer elements is P>N>K.Analysis of the results using DEA showed that balanced fertilization gave the highest economic return(10679 CNY·ha^-1),while the nil fertilization treatment gave the lowest,and the treatments with suboptimal N,P or K were intermediate and ranked:Partial phosphorus deficiency<partial nitrogen deficiency<partial potassium deficiency.
作者
吴勇
刘晓静
蔺芳
童长春
WU Yong;LIU Xiao-jing;LIN Fang;TONG Chang-chun(College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China)
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第9期94-105,共12页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
甘肃省重大科技专项:草类植物种质创新与品种选育(课题3)(19ZD2NA002-3)
甘肃农业大学科技创新基金(GSAU-XKJS-2018-008)
甘肃省草原技术推广总站项目(XMXZGSNDXY 201802)资助。
关键词
河西荒漠灌区
紫花苜蓿
施肥效应
数据包络分析
经济效益
Hexi desert irrigation area
alfalfa
fertilization effect
data envelopment analysis
economic benefit
