摘要
基于对深度造假的发展简史和技术特征的梳理,本文反思了新闻专业主义危机框架内的真假二元论,提出了"深度后真相"的概念,认为视觉客观性的瓦解和新闻专业主义的自我救赎是其主要特征。然而,这都无法阻挡和改变深度造假这一技术运动,因此需要回归对传播权力关系的分析,才能看清深度造假给深度后真相社会带来的视觉控制。借助传播政治经济学的理论路径,本文分析了竞选政治和国家安全如何应对和利用深度造假来实施视觉控制,以及深度造假如何加持了更具系统性的平台控制,从而催化了政治分裂和政治冷漠,也进一步挑战了传统新闻体制的专业主义权威。随后,本文转向视觉政治的经济基础,解释了深度造假对互联网平台公司的经济价值,提出在这一技术运动中,真与假的二元对立关系被替换为渠道与内容的供需关系,复杂的政治后果背后隐藏着基于数据中心主义的平台经济的精明算计。最后,文章提出,深度造假将可能催化算法威权主义,从而进一步巩固现有的平台资本主义。
This paper offers a brief summary of the short history of"deepfake"as a technological movement that originated in 2017 and has prospered until today.Beyond a rationalism-based truth epistemology,a concept of"deep post-truth"is proposed to respond to the prosperity of deepfake.Two features define the"deep post-truth"namely the collapse of visual evidence neutrality and the self-redemption of journalistic professionalism.The paper argued that further analysis should shift to the power relations behind the deepfake and the investigation of how visual manipulation is exercised by different powers via deepfake in the arenas of both political election and national security.Besides,deepfake adds to the rising power of manipulation by internet platforms who drives the segmentation of society,political indifference,and the collapse of traditional news authority.Integral to the platform economy,deepfake is a valuable product for platform companies like social media to monetize users’data on a larger scale.Deepfake is thus a new type of content commodity complementary to the platform.Finally,the paper argues that human society should be cautious of the coming of the algorithmic authoritarianism and its mutual construction with platform capitalism.
出处
《新闻大学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第7期1-16,121,共17页
Journalism Research
基金
国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“网络文化安全研究”(19ZD12)
北京市高校高精尖学科建设项目(中国传媒大学互联网信息学科)。
关键词
深度造假
深度后真相
视觉政治
人工智能
平台化
deepfake
deep post-truth
visual politics
artificial intelligence
platformization
