摘要
采煤机行走技术从钢丝绳、圆环链的柔性牵引,发展到液压驱动和电机驱动的自行走,改变了采煤机自动化控制模式,也奠定了智能化采煤作业的技术基础。基于采煤机牵引技术构成要素,从理论上归纳了112种采煤机行走技术选择,但受可靠性和可控性所限,实际上只构成了10多种采煤机行走技术,其中电动机可控调速与齿啮合传动相结合的电牵引技术成为当今采煤机最普遍采用的行走方式,也是长壁开采智能化采煤机的最佳选择。1948年英国发明无链牵引装置,1975年美国JOY公司研制出第1台交直流电牵引采煤机,1976年德国艾柯夫公司研制出第1台直流电牵引采煤机,1986年我国制造出第1台用于极薄煤层开采的电牵引单滚筒采煤机。这些研发机型成为电牵引采煤机发展的里程碑式创新。近15年我国在截割功率和采高技术指标上快速提升并赶超了国外产品,形成了剪刀状的电牵引采煤机型谱。
The traction moving technology of coal shearer developed from the flexible haulage of wire rope and round-link chain to the hydraulic drived and electrical motor drived autonomic moving that changed the automatic control modes of the shearer and laid the technical foundation for intelligent coal mining.Based on the elements of the traction technology of shearer,the author theoretically summarized 112 kinds of traction technology choices for coal shearer,but was limited by reliability and controllability in only about 10 kinds,in which the electrical traction technology combining the controlled speed of electrical motor and the gear drive had become the commonly applied shearer's traction technology,and also the best choice of longwall mining intelligent shearer.The landmark innovations in the development of electrical motor driven shearer could be recognized by the invention of chainless traction device in Britain in 1948,the first ACDC traction shearer developed by JOY Company in United State in 1975,the first DC motor drived shearer developed by Eickhoff Company in Germany in 1976 and the first electrical motor driven single drum shearer for extremely thin coal seam manufactured in China in 1986.During the past 15 years,the technical indexes of cutting power and height of shearers made in China increased rapidly and caught up with and surpassed those of foreign shearers,and formed a scissor-shaped model graph of electrical driven shearer.
作者
葛世荣
Ge Shirong(School of Mechanical,Electrical & Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China;Institute of Intelligent Mines & Robotics, China University of Mining and Technology, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China)
出处
《中国煤炭》
2020年第8期1-15,共15页
China Coal
关键词
采煤机技术
电牵引技术
行走方式
自动控制
采煤机发展史
coal shearer technology
electrical traction technology
moving mode
automatic control
development history of coal shearer
