摘要
该文选取湖南传统民居为研究对象,运用建筑类型学方法与文化地理学方法进行分区分类研究,分析了湖南传统民居的地域分异及其对自然地理环境的适应性。独栋正堂式、天井院落式以及"丰"字形大宅主要分布在湘北湘中区;窨子屋、土家族吊脚楼、苗族吊脚楼、石板屋、土砖屋、土家族主屋、土家族冲天楼、北侗火铺屋主要分布在湘西区;"四方印"式大宅、"王"字形大宅、瑶族合院、瑶族吊脚楼主要分布在湘南区。在湘北洞庭湖冲积平原、湘中诸盆地以及湘南诸山间盆地,民居的平面布局较为自由;在湘西北武陵山地、湘西南雪峰山地、湘南南岭山地、湘赣交界诸山地以及湘中湘东北丘陵地带,平面布局适应地形。石板屋、土砖屋以及吊脚楼充分体现了就地取材这一基本原则。湖南传统民居的屋顶、平面布局,有效地起到了排水、隔热以及通风的作用,是适应区域气候之作。
In this paper we select traditional dwellings of Hu’nan as the research object,use classification of the architectural typology and cultural geography to analyze the regional differentiation of the traditional dwellings and adaptability to the natural and geographical environment.We found that single-building main hall style,patio courtyard style and Feng-shaped mansion are mainly distributed in the central and northern Hunan.Scorpion house,Tujia hanging tower,Miao hanging tower,the stone house,the brick house,Tujia main house,Tujia Chongtian tower,Beitong Huopu house are mainly distributed in Southern Hu’nan.The"four square"mansion,the"Wang"shaped mansion,Yao courtyard houses and Yao nationality’s hanging tower are mainly distributed in southern Hu’nan.In the alluvial plain of the Dongting Lake in northern Hu’nan,the basins in the middle Hu’nan and the inter mountain basins in southern Hu’nan,the flat layout of the folk houses is free,and the plane layout adapts to the terrain in the mountains of Wuling,the Xuefeng mountain,the mountains of southern Hu’nan,the border area between Hu’nan and Jiangxi,the hilly region of the northeast Hu’nan.The stone house,the brick house and the hanging tower fully embody the basic principle of collecting materials locally.The roof and plane layout of Hu’nan traditional dwellings have played an important role in drainage,heat insulation and ventilation,and are suitable for regional climate.
出处
《华中建筑》
2020年第8期109-112,共4页
Huazhong Architecture
基金
湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目“基于景观基因的湖南传统民居区划研究”(编号:18B373)
衡阳市社科基金项目“衡阳传统民居地理研究及启示”(编号:2018D082)
衡阳师范学院科研启动项目“陕西传统民居地理研究”(编号:17D11)。
关键词
湖南
传统民居
地形
气候
适应
Hu'nan
Traditional dwellings
Terrain
Climate
Adaption
