摘要
新《环保法》的调整旨在加强环境规制水平,但其是否能够发挥“波特效应”存在争议。为检验新《环保法》在驱动企业绿色创新方面的有效性,本文以2007—2016年中国A股上市公司为样本,利用双重差分法(DID)和手工搜集的绿色专利数据,实证考察新法实施对重污染企业绿色创新的影响。研究表明,新《环保法》能够发挥“波特效应”,即“倒逼”重污染企业进行绿色创新。其内在机理是:新《环保法》一方面通过引入可供公众监督的信息披露机制,提高企业环境信息透明度,从而减少隐瞒环境信息的机会主义行为并提高污染成本,进而“倒逼”重污染企业进行绿色创新;另一方面通过加强处罚力度直接增强企业环境违法行为的成本,从而“倒逼”重污染企业进行绿色创新。进一步研究发现,在国有企业、利润空间较小的低集中度市场、环境监管力度较轻的中西部地区和环境规制强度较弱的地区的样本中,新《环保法》对企业绿色创新的“倒逼”作用更为明显。因此,应积极推进环境信息披露制度的构建,细化和完善企业环境信息披露指南,从而加强公众监督的可行性。同时,有必要加强《环保法》执法水平,并在监管和执法中实行有针对性的差异化措施,将有限的执法资源向国有企业、低集中度市场、中西部地区、环境规制强度较弱的地区倾斜,从而在驱动企业绿色创新的同时降低政府的环境规制成本。本文研究结论不仅证实了新《环保法》在驱动企业绿色创新方面的有效性,为“波特假说”提供了经验证据,更为发展企业主体、市场导向的绿色创新体系提供参考。
The adjustment of the new Environmental Protection Law aims to strengthen the level of environmental regulation,but whether it can exert the‘Porter effect’is still a matter of controversy.Based on the manually collected data of green patent,and using the panel data of A-share listed companies during 2007 to 2016 as a sample,this paper empirically examines the impact the new law has on corporate green innovation with the difference-in-difference model.The results show that the new Environmental Protection Law has the‘Porter effect’,that is,it could force the heavily polluting companies to carry out green innovation.The internal mechanism is that the new Environmental Protection Law on the one hand improves the transparency of corporate environmental information by introducing an information disclosure mechanism that can be monitored by the public,thereby reducing the opportunistic behavior of companies concealing negative environmental information and increasing the cost of pollution,thus forcing the heavily polluting companies to carry out green innovation;on the other hand,directly increasing the cost of environmental violations by strengthening penalties could also force the heavily polluting companies to carry out green innovation.Further research has found that the new Environmental Protection Law has a more significant‘Porter effect’on green innovation in state-owned enterprises,low-concentration markets,central and western regions,and regions with weaker environmental regulations,respectively due to the government-enteprise relations,smaller profit margins,lighter environmental supervision,and weaker environmental regulations.Therefore,it is vital to promote the establishment of an environmental information disclosure system in China,refine and improve the guidelines for corporate environmental information disclosure,and thereby strengthen the feasibility of public supervision.At the same time,it is of great necessity to strengthen the enforcement of the Environmental Protection Law and target the limited law enforcement resources to state-owned enterprises,low-concentration markets,central and western regions,and areas with weaker environmental regulations,thereby reducing the cost of government environmental regulation while driving green innovation.The conclusions not only prove the effectiveness of the new Environmental Protection Law in driving green innovation,but also provide empirical evidence for the Porter Hypothesis and contribute a reference for the development of the enterprise-oriented and market-oriented green innovation system.
作者
王晓祺
郝双光
张俊民
WANG Xiao-qi;HAO Shuang-guang;ZHANG Jun-min(School of Accounting,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin 300222,China;Tianjin Branch,China Development Bank,Tianjin 300061,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期107-117,共11页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
2018年度天津市教委社会科学重大项目“京津冀农业绿色发展的制度供给与政策保障研究”(批准号:2018JWZD18)。
关键词
环境规制
新《环保法》
绿色创新
重污染企业
波特假说
environmental regulation
new Environmental Protection Law
green innovation
heavily polluting company
Porter Hypothesis
