摘要
【目的】研究猪粪和秸秆替代部分化肥对番茄果实营养品质和挥发性风味物质的影响,为番茄优质栽培提供参考。【方法】在等氮磷钾条件下,将猪粪(M)、秸秆(S)单独或配合替代化肥中1/4和1/2的氮素。在日光温室进行9年定位试验后,于2018年取番茄果实样品,分析不同施肥处理对果实营养品质、果实中挥发性物质种类和含量的影响。【结果】单独施用猪粪或者秸秆替化肥的处理不同程度地降低了番茄果实中果糖、葡萄糖和番茄红素含量,但是对果实中硝酸盐、Vc和可滴定酸含量没有显著影响;秸秆和猪粪配合替代1/2的化肥氮,不会降低果实的营养品质,而且可改善果实的风味。配合猪粪处理的果实中水果香味和花香味的挥发性物质的种类和含量增加,如2-异丁基噻唑、β-紫罗兰酮、3-甲基-丁醇和3-甲基-丁醛、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮;部分风味物质3-甲基-丁醇、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、3-甲基-丁醛、2-异丁基噻唑、β-紫罗兰酮和E-2-己烯醛含量随着猪粪替代比例的提高呈逐渐增加趋势。【结论】在长期等氮磷钾施肥条件下,猪粪和秸秆配合替代1/2的化肥氮素,不会降低番茄的营养品质,还可提高番茄风味品质。猪粪有助于具有水果香味和花香味的挥发性物质在果实内的积累,如2-异丁基噻唑、β-紫罗兰酮、3-甲基丁醇和3-甲基丁醛、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮,且积累量以化肥、猪粪和秸秆配施效果最佳。在30余种挥发性物质中,有12种挥发性物质受不同处理的影响超过预期平均贡献,以E,E-6,10,14-三甲基-5,9,13-十五碳三烯-2-酮和2-甲基-4-戊烯醛最为显著。
【Objectives】We investigated the effect of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with swine manure and straw on the nutritional quality and volatile substances of tomato fruit to provide basis for high quality tomato cultivation.【Methods】Swine manure and/or straw were applied with chemical fertilizer in ratio of total N input of 1/4 and 1/2.All treatments had the same amount of N,P and K input.The fruit nutrition,volatile species and their contents affected by treatments were analyzed after 9 years continuous application of the fertilizers in a solar greenhouse.【Results】The use of swine manure or straw with chemical fertilizer significantly decreased the concentrations of fruit fructose,glucose and lycopene,but did not affect the concentrations of fruit nitrate,Vc and titratable acid.However,the combination of both manure and straw with chemical fertilizers not only did not decrease the nutrient quality,but also improved the fruit aroma.Treatments contained swine manure accumulated more fruity and floral aroma volatile species at higher concentrations,for instance 2-isobutylthiazole,β-ionone,3-methylbutanol,3-methylbutanal,6-methyl-5-heptene-2-ketone and E-2-hexenal.Some of these volatiles,such as 3-methylbutanol,6-methyl-5-heptene-2-ketone,3-methylbutanal,2-isobutylthiazole,β-ionone showed an upward tendency with increasing swine manure substitution ratio.【Conclusions】Swine manure and straw substituted for 1/2 chemical N could improve tomato fruit aroma without significant decrease of nutrient quality under long-term substitution of swine manure and straw for chemical fertilizer.Swine manure benefits for the accumulation of more fruity and floral aroma volatile species at higher concentrations,for instance 2-isobutylthiazole,β-ionone,3-methylbutanol,3-methylbutanal,6-methyl-5-heptene-2-ketone,especially when it combines with maize straw.More than 30 volatiles are detected in the fruit,and 12 of them are above the average contribution to the variation among treatments.E,E-6,10,14-trimethyl-5,9,13-pentadecatrien-2-one and 2-methyl-4-pentenal are the two volatiles with the highest contributions.
作者
孙娜
王丽英
孙焱鑫
邹国元
黄绍文
SUN Na;WANG Li-ying;SUN Yan-xin;ZOU Guo-yuan;HUANG Shao-wen(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center,Shijiazhuang,050051,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期1106-1116,共11页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0801400,2016YED0201000)
北京市博士后科研活动经费资助(zz2019-40)
北京市农林科学院博士后科研基金(2018-zz-021)
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20180705,KJCX20180708)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-23-B02)
河北省农林科学院创新工程课题资助(2019-1-5-1)。
关键词
猪粪
秸秆
化肥替代
营养品质
番茄风味物质
swine manure
straw
chemical fertilizer substitution
nutrition quality
tomato volatiles
