摘要
船舶设计的局限性、环境密闭性、船上人员绝对移动性等特点,以及中央空调系统闭环、通风循环和生活污水没有隔离是导致新冠肺炎在豪华邮轮和商船传播的主要原因,船舶设计和建造即考虑隔离是搞好船舶疫情防控的重要手段。现有IMO公约和规则缺乏防止和控制船舶这一特定场所疫情传播的相关指导和要求,商舶设计将依据控制和降低船上疫情传播的目标型标准,将船舶完全独立的主竖区分成疑似隔离A区、密切接触隔离B区和安全C区,病房布置在A区,此区域空调、通风和生活污水系统等完全隔离,B区的中央空调送风管设置独立的止回风闸和空气过滤器,"黑水"和"灰水"管路相互隔离,在A区和B区间设置缓冲区,C区参照常规船舶设计,生活作息、床位、照明、通风、取暖及供水等相应布置,B区和C区的设计充分考虑商船追求经济性的特点。
The characteristics of ship space limitation,environmental confinement,absolute mobility of personnel on board,as well as the closed loop of central air conditioning system,ventilation circulation,and no segregation of domestic sewage are the main reasons for the spread of the COVID-19 on luxury cruise ships and merchant ships.From ship design and construction,segregation is an important means to prevent and control epidemic on board. Existing IMO conventions and rules lack relevant guidance and requirements for prevention and control of the spread of epidemic in this specific area. Based on goal-based standards to control and reduce the spread of the epidemic,a suspected quarantine Zone A,close contact isolation Zone B,and safe Zone C should be designed. The hospital is set in Zone A. The air conditioning,ventilation,and domestic sewage systems in this zone are completely isolated. The"black water"and"gray water"pipelines are separated from each other,and buffer zones are set up between zones A and B. With reference to the design of conventional ships,living and resting quarters,bed space,lighting,ventilation,heating and water supply are accordingly arranged in Zone C. The design considers the economic characteristics of merchant ships.
作者
梁杰
殷华兵
徐蓉
李俊
刘红平
LIANG Jie;YIN Huabing;XU Rong;LI Jun;LIU Hongping(COSCO Shipping Specialized Carriers Co.,Ltd,Guangzhou 510623,China;Shanghai Merchant Ship Design&Research Institute,Shanghai 201203,China)
出处
《交通信息与安全》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期172-178,共7页
Journal of Transport Information and Safety
关键词
船舶设计
新冠肺炎
疫情防控
目标型标准
疑似隔离区
Ship design
COVID-19
epidemic prevention and control
goal-based standards
suspected isolation zone
