摘要
大力推进海洋牧场建设,是优化海洋生态的重要举措,也是实现渔业转型升级、推动渔业供给侧改革的有效途径。海洋牧场技术的发展直接关乎海洋渔业的发展及生态环境保护的成效。本文首先梳理了主要的海洋牧场技术的发展进程及主要国家的发展战略,结合海洋牧场技术专利的发展态势,总结出海洋牧场技术发展的三个阶段。在此基础上,对标国家政策对专利的促进作用,对比分析了海洋牧场的技术布局和发展情况。最后结合专利分析结果和国际海洋牧场的政策,为我国海洋牧场建设提出建议。结果表明:1975-2019年,海洋牧场技术专利量持续增加;国家方面,韩国专利数后来者居上,我国、日本和美国紧随其后;机构方面,我国专利申请主要以高校为主,且表现突出,国外主要以企业为主。技术布局方面,专利重点分布在水生动物养殖、生态调控和牧场设施方面,苗种繁育、驯化控制、环境监测管理和鱼获深加工等技术将是未来发展方向。
Strong promotion in the construction of marine ranching is not only a vital measure to optimize the marine ecology,but also an effective mean to achieve the transformation and upgrade of fishery and to boost fishery supply-side reform.The development of marine ranching technology can directly lay a groundwork for the development of marine fishery and the effectiveness of ecological environmental protection.Firstly,this article combs the main development process of marine ranching technology and development strategy of the main countries.Combining with the development trend output of marine ranching technology patents,this paper summarizes the three stages of marine ranching technology development.Based on this,the paper then analyzes how the technique of oceanic ranching developed by comparing the positive effect of national policy on patent,and summarizes development and technological layout about Marine ranching technology.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions about China’s marine ranching technology development under the results of the patent analysis and the international marine ranching policy.The results show that:the number of international marine ranching technology patents keep growing in the time from 1975 to 2019;at the national level,South Korea ranks first in the number of patents,followed by China,Japan and the United States.In terms of institutions,China’s patent applications are mainly dominated by universities with outstanding performance,while foreign patent applications are mainly dominated by enterprises.in the aspect of technical layout,the patents focus on aquatic animal breeding,ecological environment regulation and control,ranching facilities.The technologies of larval rearing,domestication control,environmental monitoring and management,and deep processing of fish will be the future development direction.
作者
牛艺博
董利苹
王金平
曲建升
NIU Yibo;DONG Liping;WANG Jinping;QU Jiansheng(Lanzhou Information Center,Northwest Institute of EcoEnvironment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Science,Lanzhou 730000,China)
出处
《世界科技研究与发展》
CSCD
2020年第2期160-171,共12页
World Sci-Tech R&D
基金
中国科学院文献情报能力建设专项(Y9290001)。
关键词
海洋牧场
专利
发展战略
态势分析
Marine Ranching
Patent
Development Strategy
Situation Analysis
