摘要
文章基于中国综合社会调查数据库(China General Social Survey,CGSS)2010、2012和2015年的调查数据,采用Probit模型探讨了个体受教育年限对创业选择的影响,并引入性别、家庭背景两个调节变量分析其对二者关系的影响。由于模型存在内生性,选取个体英语水平作为工具变量。研究结果表明:个体的学历对创业倾向有抑制效果,即受教育年限越长,其创业倾向越低;男性个体的受教育年限对其创业行为的抑制效果相较于女性明显减弱;所处家庭背景较好的个体的受教育年限对其创业行为的抑制效果明显增强。文章的研究结论对于我国推动"大众创业,万众创新",制定相关创业鼓励政策具有参考作用。
China has opened a new wave of entrepreneurship since September 2014,when Chinese Premier Li Keqiang issued the first call for"M ass entrepreneurship and innovation".With the popularization of compulsory education and the rapid development of higher education in China,the number of highly educated intellectuals in China has exploded in recent years.Therefore,the Chinese traditional view that"the higher the education level,the low er the intention to start a business"has attracted more public attention currently.It is of practical significance to study the relationship betw een academic qualifications and individual entrepreneurial choices.Therefore,according to China General Social Survey(CGSS)three years data including 2010,2012 and 2015,this paper focuses on the influence of people’s education level on their entrepreneurship decision w ith Probit model.In terms of the relationship betw een personal education and entrepreneurial behavior,gender and family background factors derived from traditional Chinese concepts such as"breadw inning men and homemaking w omen"and"Impoverished families can hardly nurture rich sons"can also have a certain impact on it.Hence,this paper adds tw o moderator variables including gender and background into the model so as to analyze their effect on the relationship betw een people’s education level and entrepreneurship decision.Due to the endogeneity of Probit model,this paper takes people’s English proficiency as instrument variable.The study reveals that education level w ould play a negative role in people’s entrepreneurship choice,w hich means that the higher education level,the low er probability of entrepreneurship.Compared to females,the negative influence of people’s education level on their entrepreneurship decision w ould be reduced for males.Compared to the people from poorer family background,the negative influence of people’s education level on their entrepreneurship decision w ould be increased for people from richer family background.Based on the above results,the paper concludes that the reasons are as follow s:Education allow s individuals to continuously improve their business qualities and broaden their netw ork,but w ith the accumulation of know ledge,high-quality talents have a more thorough understanding of entrepreneurial risks and they possess more employment options w ith high salary and great development potential.Therefore,w ith the improvement of academic level,in order to avoid taking huge potential risks,elite talents tend to w ork in stable and w ell-paid enterprises rather than to start a business.In addition,due to gender discrimination and the implementation of the"second child policy"in China,Chinese female individuals face greater entrepreneurial pressure than men.So it is reasonable for w omen w ith high education to be more resistant to entrepreneurship than men w ith same high education.Due to richer social resources and greater economic strength,students w ith a better family background have higher average education and more ideal employment options,and they are less eager to increase family income through entrepreneurship to change the fate of the family.Therefore,highly educated people w ith a good family background are often more reluctant to start a business.This paper’s conclusion w ould have some useful influences on how to promote mass start-up and innovation and make policy of entrepreneurship encouragement.
作者
翟爱梅
黄立奋
Zhai Aimei;Huang Lifen
出处
《南方经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第7期75-91,共17页
South China Journal of Economics
关键词
受教育年限
创业选择
性别
家庭背景
Education Level
Entrepreneurship
Gender Difference
Family Background
