摘要
智能革命给人类社会带来的深远影响正在逐步显现,也必然深刻影响并参与国家治理现代化的进程。国家治理现代化的目标是建构一种平衡型国家,其要义是国家与社会的动态平衡。在智能革命的背景下,人工智能技术至少在资源丰富、共识达成、充分回应等方面为国家治理现代化形成重要助力;但亦在安全风险、公民隐私和公平难题等方面对国家治理提出新的挑战。区块链的分布式账本技术、加密技术以及多中心化特征等,则为解决安全、隐私及公平难题提供了思路,从而为智能社会中秩序系统、赋权系统与创新系统的发展完善提供支撑。作为程序智能,人工智能与区块链共同强化了国家的刚性治理,对于国家治理现代化具有重要意义。然而,程序智能更多体现的是程序正义,过度倚重程序智能可能会出现异化风险。要实现实质正义就需要在刚性治理和弹性治理之间进行平衡。弹性治理要求国家与社会对一些核心价值的定义达成充分共识,合力保证人类在治理实践中的自主性,并在保障国家治理能力有效性的基础上充分对社会个体进行赋权和鼓励社会单元的创新行为。因此,智能革命加持的国家治理现代化,不仅要实现整体性国家力量的增强,还要回到个体本身,以每个个体的全面发展和解放为旨归。
The far-reaching impact of the intelligence revolution is becoming evident in human society.It will necessarily have a profound influence on and participation in the process of national governance modernization.The modernization of national governance aims to construct a balanced nation,the essence of which is a dynamic balance between the state and society.In the context of the intelligence revolution,AI(artificial intelligence)technology has at a minimum contributed to the modernization of national governance in terms of enriching resources,reaching consensus,making full response,etc.;however,it also poses new challenges to national governance in terms of security risks,citizen privacy and equity problems.The characteristics of block chain,including such technologies as distributed ledger,encryption and multiple centers,provide an approach to solving these problems,thus lend support to the development and improvement of systems of order,empowerment and innovation in intelligent society.As a kind of procedural intelligence,AI acts jointly with block chain to strengthen the rigid governance of the state,and is of great significance for the modernization of national governance.However,procedural intelligence tends more toward embodiment of procedural justice,and excessive reliance on procedural intelligence may risk alienation.To achieve substantive justice,we need to keep a balance between rigid and flexible governance.Flexible governance requires a full consensus between the state and society on the definition of some core values,cooperation to ensure human autonomy in governance practice,and the full empowerment of social individuals and the encouragement of innovative behavior of social units based on ensuring the effectiveness of national governance capacity.Therefore,the modernization of national governance supported by the intelligence revolution should not only enhance overall national strength,but also go back to individuals,aiming at the full development and freedom of every individual.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第7期81-102,205,206,共24页
Social Sciences in China
基金
国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“积极参与全球治理改革与建设研究”(18VZL020)阶段性成果。
