摘要
启蒙话语在实践层面上为什么成为与其初义相反的东西?从康德到福柯以"什么是启蒙"为题的文章层出不穷见出启蒙辩证法的张力。眼下呈现于一种"自我/他者""东方/西方"之独特语境。在现代性的残缺之中向前现代逆行所升起的"问题意识"使启蒙在历史的连续与断裂关系中具有了全局性。21世纪前后,源于西方后现代思潮中"资本主义并不比封建主义进步"之民粹主义理念在中国持续发酵,派生出一系列逆现代性相关话语--"秦汉以下无封建""中世纪并不黑暗""祖赋人权,血缘理性"等等,从不同侧面抹煞了前现代之封建与现代民主之间不可调和的对立与冲突,模糊了民主主义革命的对象与性质及其历史使命,以血统世袭等级特权消解人的平等权利。启蒙是在对作为最高价值之真理的自由探索中,个体理性成熟到与人类整体之历史理性整合的必然过程。马克思从早期为资本主义掘墓,到后期关于"资本的自身否定"之思想历程正是来自启蒙的辩证规律。在对追求真理之自由的向往与奋斗中,"我们的问题"与"世界的问题"在人类命运共同体中趋于整合,追求着启蒙之光的地球人,好像绝壁上的攀岩者正探索着新的立足点。
Why did enlightenment discourse become the opposite of its original meaning in practice?From Kant to Foucault,there are endless articles about"what is enlightenment",which show the tension of Enlightenment Dialectics.At present,it is presented in a unique context of"self/other"and"East/West".In the imperfection of modernity,the"problem consciousness"rising from the retrograde of the former modernity is the overall situation of enlightenment in the continuous and broken relationship of history.Around the 21 st century,the populist idea of"capitalism is no more advanced than feudalism"originated from the western postmodern trend of thought continued to ferment in China,and derived a series of anti modernity related words:"no feudalism under the Qin and Han Dynasties","no darkness in the Middle Ages","human rights endowed by ancestors,rationality from blood",etc.,which obliterated the inevitability between pre-modern feudalism and modern democracy from different aspects.The reconciled opposition and conflict blur the object,nature and historical mission of the democratic revolution,and dispel the equal rights of human beings with the privileges of lineage and hierarchy.Enlightenment is an inevitable process from the maturity of individual rationality to the integration of historical rationality as a whole in the free exploration of truth as the highest value.Marx’s thought process from digging the tomb for capitalism in the early stage to"self denial of capital"in the later stage is exactly the dialectical law of enlightenment.In the yearning and struggle for the freedom to pursue truth,"our problems"and"problems of the world"tend to be integrated in the community of human destiny.The earth people who pursue the light of enlightenment seem to be exploring new foothold on the cliff.
作者
毛崇杰
Mao Chongjie(Institute of Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)
出处
《天水师范学院学报》
2020年第1期11-17,共7页
Journal of Tianshui Normal University
关键词
现代性
逆现代
我们的问题
世界的问题
modernity
anti-modernity
our problems
the problems of the world
