摘要
人脸识别是基于人的脸部特征信息进行身份识别的一种生物识别技术。中国的人脸识别技术已广泛应用于安防、支付系统、交通和智慧门禁等领域。人脸识别技术极大地便利了人们的生活,提高了社会管理效率,也伴随着如数据泄露、隐私权被侵犯等各种风险。人脸识别技术的运用涉及信息主体、企业和政府三方利益,即牵涉个人隐私、商业利益与公共利益三者之间的博弈和权衡。通过对人脸数据进行处理和分析,数据控制者不仅能识别特定个人身份,而且能够进一步追踪其日常活动轨迹,从而建构出精准的个人综合行为档案。基于人脸识别技术获取的数据一旦被滥用或泄露,则可能对信息主体个人权利造成严重损害。目前世界上对人脸识别技术的运用主要形成了禁止使用、政府基于公共利益的正当使用及严格限制企业使用三种法律规制模式。虽然这三种模式的法律价值选择存在一些差异,但其也存在共同的理念:其一,高度尊重公民隐私权利和自由;其二,主张人脸识别技术的运用必须是有限度的,而不是不受约束的,它必须接受法律规制。对中国而言,明晰人脸识别技术的应用边界,协调技术进步与公民隐私权保护是目前亟待解决的问题。中国的人脸识别技术的运用与发展应遵循必要性、保护隐私、专门机构常态化监管、行业自律、数据安全与责权一致等法律原则。
Face recognition is a kind of biological recognition technology to recognize the identity according to the information of facial features.China’s face recognition technology has been widely used in security protection,payment systems,transportation and intelligent access control and other fields.It has greatly facilitated people’s lives,improved the efficiency of social management,but is also accompanied by various risks such as data leakage,privacy infringement and so on.The application of this technology involves the interest of three parties,i.e.information subjects,enterprises and government,which is concerned with the game and balance among the personal privacy,business profit and public interest.By processing and analyzing the face data,the data controllers can not only recognize the specific personal identity,but also further trace his daily activities,so as to construct a precise document for certain personal general activities.Once the data obtained from face recognition technology is leaked and abused,the personal right of the information subject would be severely damaged.At present,three main legal regulation modes in the use of face recognition technology in the world has been formed:prohibition of use,proper use of government based on public interest and strict restriction of enterprise use.Although the three modes have some differences in the choice of legal value,they still have common notion:firstly,to highly respect citizen’s personal right and freedom;secondly,to hold that the application of face recognition technology must be limited,not unfettered,and must be subject to legal regulation.In China,it is an urgent problem to clarify the application boundary of face recognition technology,coordinate the progress of technology and protect the privacy of citizens.The application and development of China’s face recognition technology should follow the legal principles of necessity,security and privacy protection,normal supervision from specific organizations,self-discipline of the trade,data security and unity of rights and responsibility,and so on.
作者
杨建军
李童心
YANG Jianjun;LI Tongxin(School of Criminal Law,Northwest University of Political Science and Law,Xi’an 710063,China)
出处
《南宁师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2020年第3期37-47,共11页
Journal of Nanning Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“惩戒性党内法规和国家法律的冲突与化解研究”(17BFX014)。
关键词
人脸识别技术
隐私权
公共利益
个人信息商业化
个人信息保护
face recognition technology
privacy right
public interest
commercialization of personal information
protection of personal information
