摘要
目的:探索高功能自闭症儿童初始箱庭存在的共同特征,为自闭症儿童早期诊断评估提供适合儿童特点的非医学参考。方法:采用实验组和对照组前后测设计,对两组被试初始箱庭作品进行分析。实验组和对照组均为15人,通过从游戏的时间、选择的玩具数量和类型、沙的使用情况、主动沟通行为及箱庭主题等维度分析高功能自闭症儿童初始箱庭的共同特征。结果:(1)初始箱庭制作时长与正常儿童无显著差异。(2)箱庭游戏过程中玩具的使用数量仅为正常儿童的21.68%,选择的生命意义玩具的平均数量为正常儿童的7.24%;(3)喜欢反复玩沙且偶有吃沙行为;(4)实验组儿童箱庭游戏中沟通行为主要表现在非言语沟通和主动言语沟通,缺少被动言语沟通和被动视线行为;(5)实验组儿童的箱庭作品没有主题的比例高达73.3%;结论:高功能自闭症儿童初始箱庭在一定程度上反应了他们对游戏感兴趣,在游戏中情绪稳定、有较好的专注力、有一定语言能力但缺少主动沟通语言等心理行为特点,为进一步心理治疗提供了有意义的信息和线索。
Objective:To explore the common characteristics of high-functioning autistic children's initial sandplay,and to provide non-medical references suitable for children's characteristics for early diagnosis and evaluation of autistic children.Methods:The experimental group and the control group were designed to analyze the initial sandplay works of the two groups.Both the experimental group and the control group were 15 people.The common characteristics of the initial sandplay of high-function autistic children were analyzed from the dimensions of play time,toy selection,sand usage,active communication behavior,and sandplay theme.Results:(1)There was no significant difference between the initial sandplay preparation time and normal children.(2)The number of toys used in sandplay was only 21.68%of normal children,and the average number of life-meaning toys selected was 7.24%of normal children.(3)likes to play with sand repeatedly and occasionally eats sand;(4)There are significant differences in active communication behaviors between the experimental group and the control group.(5)73.3%of high-functioning autistic children's Sandplay works have no theme;Conclusion:The initial sandplay of high-functioning autistic children reflects their interest in games to some extent.The psychological and behavioral characteristics such as stable mood,good concentration,certain language ability but lack of active communication language provide meaningful information and clues for further psychotherapy.
作者
李佳
余明明
张日昇
LI Jia;YU Mingming;ZHANG Risheng(Pre-school education college,Changsha Normal University,Changsha,Hunan,410100,China;Institute of Development Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875,China)
出处
《牡丹江师范学院学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第3期137-144,共8页
Journal of Mudanjiang Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(15B23)
湖南省2017年教学改革项目“基于卓越幼儿园教师培养视阈下《儿童发展心理学》课程教学改革与实践”。
关键词
高功能自闭症儿童
初始箱庭
作品特征
high-functioning autistic children
the initial chamber
features of works
