摘要
随着低比容量硅碳复合材料(<500 mAh/g)在锂离子电池中的商业化应用,硅基负极材料也从实验室研究走向了产业化发展。近年来的研究工作中,许多方法被用来解决硅在循环过程中体积变化(>300%)所带来的一系列问题。在材料结构方面,从最初的硅材料纳米化、硅与其他材料复合等技术手段转变到了硅碳复合材料二次颗粒的结构设计、表面包覆层设计等方法;在应用性能方面,除了早期文献报道的材料比容量、循环性能等参数外,还增加了材料比表面积、振实密度、首次及循环库仑效率等更符合电池实际应用要求的性能参数研究,从而极大地推动了硅基负极材料的商业化应用进程。本文首先综述了近年来硅碳复合材料组成、结构设计的发展脉络,进一步分析了由石墨、软碳、硬碳、碳纤维和石墨烯等碳源合成的硅碳复合材料的结构特点,并对其电化学性能进行分析对比,总结了碳在硅碳复合材料结构及其性能上发挥的作用。最后,对硅碳复合材料制备过程中的结构设计要求和碳材料的选择进行了分析和展望。
With the commercial application of low specific capacity silicon-carbon composites(<500 mAh/g)in lithium-ion batteries,silicon-based anode materials have also evolved from laboratory research to industrialization.In recent years,various investigations have been proposed to solve the problems caused by the volume change(>300%)of silicon during lithiation/delithiation.From the perspective of material structural design,the research focus has gradually shifted from the initial silicon nano-structuration and elaboration of silicon-based composite materials to the structural design of the silicon-carbon composite secondary particles and the surface coating design.In terms of application performance research,in addition to specific capacity and cycle performance of materials reported in the early literature,the specific surface area,tap density,initial and cyclic coulombic efficiency and other parameters of materials which are more in line with the practical application requirements of the batteries have been widely studied,thus greatly promoting the commercial application process of the silicon-based anode materials.In this review,the development of the composition and structural design of silicon-carbon composites in recent years are presented and summarized.The structural characteristics and electrochemical properties of silicon-carbon composites synthesized by graphite,soft carbon,hard carbon,carbon fiber and graphene as carbon sources are further proposed and compared.Moreover,the effects of carbon in the structure and properties of silicon-carbon composites are briefly summarized.Finally,the selection of carbon material and structural design in the preparation of silicon-carbon composites are discussed and prospected.
作者
张伟
齐小鹏
方升
张健华
史碧梦
杨娟玉
Wei Zhang;Xiaopeng Qi;Sheng Fang;Jianhua Zhang;Bimeng Shi;Juanyu Yang(National Power Battery Innovation Center,GRINM Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100088,China;China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100088,China;General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《化学进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期454-466,共13页
Progress in Chemistry
基金
国家重点研发计划(No.2016YFB0100400)
国家自然科学基金项目(No.51604032)
北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(No.2017000097607G094)资助。
关键词
锂离子电池
硅碳复合材料
镶嵌结构
硬碳
软碳
lithium-ion battery
silicon-carbon composites
embedded structure
hard carbon
soft carbon
