摘要
粮食是重要的战略物资。21世纪以来,国际上管控粮食贸易的主要方式逐步由禁运制裁向出口限制转变。受新冠肺炎疫情的影响,先后有越南、俄罗斯、柬埔寨等国家紧急宣布实施粮食出口限制,呈现出手段上侧重行政手段而非市场调节、安排上实施步骤非常紧凑急促、品种上主要涉及稻麦口粮等全新的特点。分析发现,当前实施粮食出口限制政策的国家,虽在国际稻麦市场上占有重要地位,但与我国粮食贸易关联程度相对较小,当下不会冲击到我国粮食安全,需防范的是对饲料粮带来的冲击。疫情大考彰显了我国“确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”粮食安全战略观的远见。保障粮食安全任何时候都不能放松,为此要千方百计实现今年中央提出的粮食产量稳定在1.3万亿斤以上的目标,从“保耕地、保收益、稳市场、稳链条”四个方面采取保障我国粮食安全的应对措施。
Grain is an important strategic material.Since the 21st century,the main way to control grain trade in the world has gradually changed from embargo and sanction to export restriction.Affected by the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic,countries such as Vietnam,Russia,and Cambodia have urgently announced the implementation of grain export restrictions,which shows new features:it focuses on administrative means rather than market regulation,it takes very tight and rapid implementation steps,and it mainly involves rice and wheat rations.It is found that although the countries that implement the grain export restriction policy currently occupy an important position in the international rice and wheat market,they are relatively small in relation to China′s grain trade,and will not impact China′s grain security at present.What needs to be prevented is the impact on China′s feed grain.The tough test of COVID-19 epidemic shows the vision of China′s food security strategic concept of"ensuring the basic self-sufficiency of grain and the absolute safety of rations".Food security can not be loosened at any time.Therefore,we should do everything possible to achieve the goal of stabilizing grain output above 1.3 trillion Jin put forward by the central government this year,and propose countermeasures to ensure national food security from four aspects:preserving arable lands,ensuring production revenues,stabilizing the market,and stabilizing the food chains.
作者
崔奇峰
普蓂喆
王国刚
钟钰
Cui Qifeng;Pu Mingzhe;Wang Guogang;Zhong Yu
出处
《中州学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期20-26,共7页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
基金
中国农业科学院协同创新项目“新时期国家粮食安全战略研究”(CAAS-ZDRW202012)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程人才专项“全球化视角下提升我国农业资源配置效率与保障粮食安全研究”(ASTIP-IAED-2018RC-01)
国家自然科学基金青年项目“‘毁约跑路’还是‘逆势加码’:收储制度改革背景下粮食规模户经营行为调整与风险化解机制研究”(71903187)。
关键词
新冠肺炎疫情
出口限制
粮食安全
COVID-19 pandemic
export restrictions
grain security
