摘要
为进一步提升全膜双垄沟覆膜种床机械化耕整作业效果与作业效率,基于全膜双垄沟种床双幅覆膜覆土农艺技术栽培模式,设计全膜双垄沟双幅覆膜覆土联合作业机,实现了全膜双垄沟种床构建过程中的旋耕、起垄、施肥、双幅覆膜覆土及镇压的一体化作业。在设定联合作业机传动系统的前提下,对样机关键部件进行设计与选型,确定其旋耕刀组、排肥装置、提土种床覆土装置的工作参数与功耗,同时解析了刮板式提土装置、水平双向螺旋输土装置作业过程,得到满足双幅覆膜种床各部位覆土的必要条件。应用离散单元法对提土种床覆土装置“提土-输土-覆土”动态作业过程进行数值模拟,分析了各工作环节输土、覆土特性,对影响覆土作业效果的相关因素进行了探讨。田间试验结果表明,当全膜双垄沟双幅覆膜覆土联合作业机前进速度为1.10 m/s时,采光面地膜机械破损程度为39.8 mm/m^2、种床膜边覆土宽度合格率为94.5%、大垄垄体中心覆土宽度合格率为91.6%、种床覆土厚度合格率为97.5%、种床起垄高度合格率为93.2%,试验指标均符合国家与行业标准要求,试验结果满足设计和实际作业要求,田间试验工况与仿真结果基本一致。
Whole plastic mulching and furrow planting has been widely adopted as a drought resistant cultivation model in the northwest arid area of China in recent years.For further integration agronomic requirement of cultivation pattern of double width filming and covering soil on double ridges and improving the level of mechanization construction performance and efficiency of seedbed,a combined operation machine for double width filming and covering soil on double ridges was designed,which synchronously realized institutional operation once such as rotary tillage,ridging,fertilization,double width filming and covering soil and suppressing on double ridges.Based on the transmission route of combined operation machine,the key parts were designed and selected,and the operation parameters and power dissipation of rotary blades,fertilizing device and soil elevating-seedbed covering mechanism were determined.The operation process of scraper type soil lifting device and horizontal two-way spiral soil conveyer were analyzed,and the necessary work conditions to make sure that the covering soil on the all parts of double width filming seedbed were analyzed and calculated.The discrete element method was applied to simulate the device with soil elevating-seedbed covering mechanism dynamic operation process of soil elevating,transporting and covering.The characteristics of soil transporting and covering in each working link were analyzed,the related factors that affected the effect of covering soil were discussed.The field experimental results showed that under the condition of operation speed of 1.10 m/s,the mechanical damage degree of day lighting surface of plastic film was 39.8 mm/m^2,the qualified rates of soil width covered on seedbed film edge was 94.5%,the qualified rates of soil width covered on center of large ridge was 91.6%,the qualified rates of soil depth covered on seedbed was 97.5%and the qualified rates of ridging height was 93.2%,which were up to the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements,and the experimental results met the design requirements of combined operation machine.The field test conditions was consistent with the simulation result.The research results would provide an important reference for researching and developing the supporting agricultural machinery equipment which constructed seedbed of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges in northwest arid area of China.
作者
戴飞
张仕林
宋学锋
赵武云
马海军
张锋伟
DAI Fei;ZHANG Shilin;SONG Xuefeng;ZHAO Wuyun;MA Haijun;ZHANG Fengwei(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Tao River Tractor Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Dingxi 730500,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期108-117,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51775115、51405086)
甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才培养计划项目(GAUFX-03Y12)
现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-14-1-28)。
关键词
全膜双垄沟
双幅覆膜覆土
联合作业机
whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges
double width filming and covering soil
combined operation machine
