摘要
以基因编辑、基因驱动、合成生物学为代表的前沿生物技术正处于日新月异的飞速发展中,在医疗、农业等诸多领域为人类发展带来福祉的同时,也对国家乃至全人类的生物安全构成了严重威胁。在此背景下,世界大国在应对前沿生物技术安全威胁的几个共性问题值得重点关注:一是技术发展与技术安全的双重目标难以统筹;二是未知技术安全威胁导致不可避免的法律惩治效力滞后;三是监管的多部门合作需求与权职分工困境;四是多方利益主体参与的民主审议机制有待加强。由于中国前沿生物技术发展正处于从“跟跑”向“并跑”和部分领域“领跑”转变的关键节点,及时调整“促进”与“规制”前沿生物技术的应对措施已刻不容缓。前沿生物技术安全威胁的应对必须走到科技的前面去,对安全主体的规制更应走到科学的内部去。唯有在即将出台的国家《生物安全法》引领下全面推进生物技术安全的体制机制建设,逐步完善生物技术安全的法治体系建构,在政府主导下鼓励各利益相关方积极参与其中,才能确保前沿生物技术更好地造福于人民。
The cutting-edge biotechnology represented by gene editing,gene drive and synthetic biology is developing rapidly.It acts as a double-edged sword,bringing benefits to human development in many fields such as medical treatment and agriculture while posing serious threats to national security and global biosecurity.Against this backdrop,world powers need to pay special attention to those common problems while handling the security threats associated with the cutting-edge biotechnology.First,it is difficult to coordinate the dual goals of promoting technological development and safeguarding technological security.Second,evolution of the legal system lags well behind the unknown technological security threats.Third,there exists a dilemma between the regulatory demand for multi-sector cooperation and the division of authority.Fourth,the democratic review mechanism engaged by interested parties needs to be further strengthened.Since China’s cutting-edge biotechnology is at the critical development stage with a shift from“running behind others”to“running side by side with others”and even“being a pace setter”in some fields,it is imperative for China to make timely adjustments in its efforts to promote and,at the same time,regulate the cutting-edge biotechnology.A proper assessment of the latest development of science and technology should be made and a meaningful forward-looking plan should be developed on the basis of the assessment.Guided by the forthcoming National Biosecurity Law,the institutional mechanisms regarding biotechnological security will be strengthened and the relevant legal system will be improved as well.Under the leading role of the government,interested parties from all walks of life will actively participate in this undertaking.Only in this way can the cutting-edge biotechnology be geared to bringing more benefits to the public.
作者
薛杨
俞晗之
XUE Yang;YU Hanzhi(Tianjin University,Tianjin,300072;Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy of Tianjin University;Public Affairs School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310058)
出处
《国际安全研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期136-156,160,共22页
Journal of International Security Studies
基金
2019年天津市科技发展战略研究计划项目(软科学研究项目)“合成生物学伦理框架与政策监管体系研究”(项目编号:19ZLZXZF00380)的阶段性成果。
关键词
基因编辑
基因驱动
合成生物学
生物技术安全
生物武器
生物恐怖主义
生物实验室安全
gene editing
gene drive
synthetic biotechnology
biotechnology security
biological weapons
bioterrorism
security of biological laboratory
