摘要
汽车、机车、飞机、火箭、飞船等载运工具普遍具有薄壁结构特征,薄壁结构的轻量化是提高载运工具性能和竞争力的关键。综合考虑轻量化的成本和效果,采用多材料、多结构混用,在降低产品自重的同时为产品设计提供更多的选择,已经成为轻量化技术发展的必然趋势。电阻点焊和铆接作为典型的点连接工艺,大规模应用于载运工具薄壁结构的制造,是先进制造领域的基础工艺。然而,高强钢、高强铝合金、铸铝、镁合金、复合材料等高比强度轻量化材料以及铸件、挤压型材等轻量化结构的应用对传统点连接工艺提出巨大挑战,也促进了传统点连接工艺的技术变革和新型复合连接工艺的创新发展。为此,本文从电阻点焊、铆接以及复合点连接工艺三个方面进行综述,系统阐述了近年来各工艺的研究进展,重点分析了新工艺的机理、优势、局限性、应用现状及发展趋势,旨在为新型轻量化薄壁结构的设计与制造提供有益借鉴。
Vehicles such as automobile, trains, airplanes, rockets and spacecrafts are generally thin-walled structures. Lightweighting of the thin-walled structures becomes the key to improve the competitiveness of vehicle products. Considering the cost and effect of lightweighting, mixed use of multi-materials and multi-structures provides more options for product design of the thin-walled structures while reducing their weight, and becomes an inevitable tendency during lightweight process. Typical spot joining processes, e.g., resistance spot welding(RSW) and riveting are primary processes and important methods, which have been widely used to manufacture the thin-walled structures of traditional vehicles. However, the application of high specific strength materials, e.g., high strength steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, composite materials and lightweight structures such as extruded sections poses great challenges to the traditional spot joining processes, promoting the advancement of the spot joining process and the development of novel hybrid joining process. Therefore, this paper described the state of the art for RSW process, riveting process and hybrid spot joining process in recent years, and systematically summarized the corresponding research progress, advantages and disadvantages, application status and development trend, aiming to provide references for the design and manufacture of lightweight thin-walled structures.
作者
李永兵
马运五
楼铭
张国涛
张庆鑫
祁麟
邓琳
LI Yongbing;MA Yunwu;LOU Ming;ZHANG Guotao;ZHANG Qingxin;QI Lin;DENG Lin(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture for Thin-walled Structures,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240;Joining and Welding Research Institute,Osaka University,Osaka,567-0047,Japan)
出处
《机械工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期125-146,共22页
Journal of Mechanical Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金汽车产业联合基金重点资助项目(U1564204,U1764251)。
关键词
轻量化薄壁结构
点连接技术
电阻点焊
铆接
复合点连接
lightweight thin-walled structure
spot joining process
resistance spot welding
riveting
hybrid spot joining
