摘要
美国特朗普政府自2019年6月推出有关推动中东和平进程的“世纪协议”美国白宫发布并在官网上载的文件正式名称是“从和平到繁荣:改善巴以人民生活的愿景”(Peace To Prosperity:A Vision to Improve the Lives of the Palestinian and Israeli People)。美国媒体称其为“世纪交易”或“世纪协议”(Deal of the Century)、“特朗普交易”(Trump Deal)、“特朗普愿景”(Trump’s Vision)、“特朗普和平倡议”(Trump’s Peace Proposal)、“特朗普方案”(Trump Plan)、“特朗普和平方案”(Trump Peace Plan)。中国媒体或学界多将其称为“世纪交易”“世纪协议”或引申为特朗普“新中东和平方案”。从文件名称和文本完整内容看,“协议”其实并不妥帖,只有达成一致的磋商成果才能称为协议,愿景、建议、设想、方案、框架、倡议等概念相对较为契合。考虑到中外主流舆论已约定俗成,笔者采用“世纪协议”为代称。经济框架后,于2020年1月又推出完整版的“世纪协议”。该文件的政治框架是解决巴以冲突的核心,涉及所谓“两国方案”愿景下美国对巴以边界划分、定居点存留、耶路撒冷归属、难民问题出路、未来双边安全安排等主张。“世纪协议”是美国零和思维、单边主义和强权逻辑的产物。由于它严重背离国际法原则、联合国决议精神、国际社会公平、公正和持久解决巴以冲突及中东争端的广泛共识,因此它注定是一桩很难被巴勒斯坦接受的单边和强制交易,无助于顺利重启巴以和谈及推进中东和平进程,对中东安全格局也难以产生重大和长远影响,中东和平前景更加黯淡。
In June 2019,the Trump Administration released the economic part of its peace plan,known as the“Deal of the Century”,as part of a push to advance the peace process in the Middle East.The administration then issued the political portion of the plan in January 2020,revealing for the first time the plan in its full version.The political framework lays out the key solutions to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict proposed by the Trump Administration,covering issues of territory and borders,the settlements,the status of Jerusalem,the refugee problem and security arrangements of both sides under a Two-State solution.The“Deal of the Century”is a product of America’s zero-sum thinking,unilateralism and hegemonic mindset.As it contravenes the principles of international law,United Nations resolutions and the international consensus on a just,fair and lasting peace in resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and other regional conflicts,the deal is seen as unilateral and coercive and faces opposition by the Palestinian.The plan is unlikely to play a role in restarting Palestinian-Israeli negotiations and pushing forward the Middle East peace process and it is not expected to have significant long-term impact on the security situation of the region.
出处
《西亚非洲》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期3-26,共24页
West Asia and Africa
