摘要
海草房是威海沿海地区的典型民居形式,其起源可以追溯到新石器时代。由于与当地的自然环境、生态资源和生产生活相适应,一直到20世纪五六十年代,威海沿海居民多生活在海草房中,在威海的海岸线上分布着数量众多的海草房村落。可以说,威海海草房传统村落凝结了当地原生态的本土基因,承载着威海人民几千年的历史记忆,是一笔巨大的文化遗产。但是20世纪80年代以后,随着海草房传统村落区域环境的剧变,与之相关的生态链遭到严重破坏,许多海草房被拆除,一些传统村落甚至整个消失。保护这一珍贵的文化遗产已经刻不容缓,设置一座具有活态保护与传承功能的海草房传统村落生态博物馆势在必行。而在威海生态城市建设的大局中,设立一座海草房传统村落生态博物馆也会成为一个亮点。具体来说:特色民居是其建设的基本前提,现实困境是其建设的客观需要,多方支持是其建设的有力条件,成熟环境是其建设的重要保障。
Since the neolithic age to the mid-20 th century,seaweed house has always been the top-preferred residential houses in coastal areas of Weihai,which had formed a seaweed house belt along the coastline,realizing a sort of harmonious coexistence of the natural environment,ecological resources and production as well as living conditions of human beings.Seaweed house not only concentrates the native genes of Weihai’s primitive origin,but also bearing the weight of its historic memories for thousands of years.This special form of architecture tells the industrious and intelligent of the Weihai people while inheriting a valuable cultural heritage.Since the 1980 s,however,the traditional seaweed house region has brought dramatic changes to the environment,it seems erased from many urban areas as large areas of seaweed house were demolished,and the ecological chain that was directly related to the seaweed house has been almost completely destroyed.In order to protect this precious cultural heritage and ecological chain,constructing an ecomuseum of the seaweed house with the function of dynamic protection and inheritance can be regarded as constructive and effective way.To reflecting the general blueprint of the establishment of an eco-Weihai,constructing an ecomuseum will by all means become a bright spot in dynamically protecting and inheriting cultural heritage.Specifically,the characteristic dwelling houses are the basic premise of its construction;the realistic predicament is the objective need of its construction;the multi-support is the powerful condition of its construction;the mature environment is the important guarantee of its construction.
作者
吕伟涛
Lyu Weitao(National Museum of China,Beijing,100006)
出处
《博物院》
2020年第2期65-71,共7页
Museum
基金
“根在基层”2019年文化和旅游部青年干部微调研实践项目成果。
关键词
海草房
传统村落保护
生态博物馆
Seaweed house
traditional villages conservatione
ecomuseum
