摘要
为探讨保护性耕作条件下宁南山区缓坡耕地土壤水分的运动分布规律及其水分利用率特征,在2013年期间,开展了玉米常规平作(CK)、免耕(NH)、秸秆覆盖(SM)、覆膜(PM)4种不同耕作方式试验研究。结果表明:①保护性耕作均增加了土壤水分入渗率,减少了达到稳定入渗的时间,相比CK,NH、SM和PM初始入渗率分别提高了68.56%、210.52%和63.89%,稳定入渗率分别提高63.58%、82.76%和7.29%。②SM保水效果最好,除5月、9月外,其他各时期土壤储水量由高到低顺序为:SM>NH>PM>CK。③保护性耕作措施具有良好的集雨效应,具有较好的水肥保蓄功能。相对于CK,PM、SM和NH 3种耕作方式,集水效率分别为21.53%、21.10%和17.78%;且3种耕作方式坡面整体水分分布比较均匀,能够有效控制坡面径流。④保护性耕作增加玉米水分。相对于CK,NH、SM和PM处理玉米产量水平水分利用率分别提高18.24%、6.67%、51.93%,群体水平水分利用率分别提高20.94%、32.05%、9.93%。
In order to explore the effects of different tillage on the distribution of soil moisture and its water use efficiency on hilly farmland with gentle slop in mountain area of southern Ningxia,during the period of 2013,four different tillage measures including the traditional culture(CK),the furrow are not covered with film(NH),the straw mulching(SM)and the plastic film mulching(PM)were studied on corn.The results showed that①conservation tillage increased the soil water infiltration rate and reduced the time to reach stable infiltration.Compared with CK,the initial infiltration rate of NH,SM and PM increased by 68.56%,210.52%and 63.89%,respectively;and the stable infiltration rate of NH,SM and PM increased by 63.58%,82.76%and 7.29%,respectively.②PM has the best water retention effect.The order of soil water storage in each period from high to low was PM>SM>NH>CK.③The conservation tillage measures had a good rain-collecting effect and a good function of water and fertilizer preservation.Compared with CK,the water collection efficiency of PM,SM and NH were 21.53%,21.10%and 17.78%,respectively.And the overall water distribution of the slopes of the three conservation tillage was relatively uniform,which can effectively control the runoff of the slope.④Conservation tillage increases corn moisture.Compared with CK,under the condition of NH,SM and PM,the water use efficiency on corn yield level and population level increased by 18.24%and 20.94%,6.67%and 32.05%,51.93%and 9.93%,respectively.
作者
雷晓婷
雷金银
周丽娜
何进勤
贾爱平
余建军
Lei Xiaoting;Lei Jinyin;Zhou Lina;He Jinqin;Jia Aiping;Yu Jianjun(Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;Ning Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;Service Center for Introducing Agricultural Technology,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;Agricultural Service Center,Guanting County,Yuanzhou district,Guyuan,Ningxia 756000)
出处
《宁夏农林科技》
2020年第1期43-45,58,F0003,共5页
Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41561059)
宁夏回族自治区科技支撑项目(2011ZYN156)
宁夏农林科学院全产业链创新示范项目(NZ13123)。
关键词
宁南山区
耕作方式
缓坡耕地
土壤水分
Mountain area of southern Ningxia
Tillage modes
Hilly farmland with gentle slop
Soil water
