摘要
【目的】为综合评价紫云英与油菜不同配施比例对双季稻产量、植株干物质及氮素吸收利用的影响,并筛选出最佳种植模式,为合理发展冬季绿肥及水稻高产、高效栽培提供技术支撑和理论依据。【方法】采用田间小区方法,于2017年10月在江西农业大学科技园进行田间定位试验,共设置5个处理:单播紫云英(CK1)、单播油菜(CK2)、3/4紫云英+1/4油菜(3/4M+1/4R)、1/2紫云英+1/2油菜(1/2M+1/2R)、1/4紫云英+3/4油菜(1/4M+3/4R),研究紫云英与油菜不同配施比例对双季稻产量、植株干物质以及氮素吸收利用的影响。【结果】水稻产量提高了23.70%~30.26%,混播各处理的早稻和晚稻产量均高于两个对照处理,且早晚稻产量均是处理1/2M+1/2R达到最高,与单播紫云英和单播油菜相比,混播能显著提高水稻有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒质量,从而提高水稻产量。各处理在分蘖期-抽穗期和抽穗期-灌浆期干物质积累量较大,分别占成熟期干物质量的23.75%~37.46%和24.51%~47.71%。混播各处理的早稻和晚稻干物质量和氮素积累量均比CK1和CK2处理要高,处理1/2M+1/2R的干物质量和氮素积累量达到最高。混播各处理的早稻氮素干物质生产效率和氮收获指数均高于CK1和CK2,其中均是处理1/2M+1/2R最高。混播各处理的晚稻氮素干物质生产效率高于CK1,处理1/2M+1/2R最高,比CK1显著高出11.17%(P<0.05),混播各处理的晚稻氮收获指数均高于CK1和CK2,其中处理1/2M+1/2R最高,分别比CK1、CK2显著高出22.08%、17.97%(P<0.05)。【结论】紫云英与油菜混播可以提高双季稻产量、植株干物质及有利于氮素的吸收利用,以1/2紫云英+1/2油菜混播模式较好。
[Objective]In order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of different mixture ratios of Chinese milk vetch and rape on the yield,plant dry matter and nitrogen uptake and utilization of double season rice,and to select the best planting mode,to provide technical support and theoretical basis for the rational development of green manure in winter and high-yield and efficient cultivation of rice.[Method]Using the field plot method,a field location experiment was conducted in the Science Park of Jiangxi Agricultural University in October 2017,with a total of 5 treatments set up,including monoculture of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus)(CK1),monoculture of Rape(CK2),3/4 Chinese milk vetch+1/4 Rape(3/4 M+1/4 R),1/2 Chinese milk vetch+1/2 Rape(1/2 M+1/2 R)and 1/4 Chinese milk vetch+3/4 Rape(1/4 M+3/4 R),which were used to study the effect of different mixture ratios of Chinese milk vetch and rape on the yield,plant dry matter and nitrogen uptake and utilization of double season rice.[Result]The rice yield increased by 23.70%-30.26%,the yield of early rice and late rice in the mixed sowing treatments was higher than that in the two control treatments,and the yield of early and late rice in the treatment of 1/2 M+1/2 R was the highest,compared with monoculture of Chinese milk vetch and monoculture of Rape,mixed sowing could significantly improve the effective panicle number,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight of rice,which resulted in increased yield of rice.The dry matter accumulation values of each treatment in the tillering-heading stage and the heading-filling stage were larger,accounting for 23.75%-37.46% and 24.51%-47.71% of the dry matter quality in the mature stage,respectively.The dry matter quality and nitrogen accumulation of early rice and late rice in the mixed sowing treatments were higher than CK1 and CK2 treatments,among which those in the treatment of1/2 M+1/2 R were the highest.The nitrogen dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen harvest index of early rice in the mixed sowing treatments were higher than those in CK1 and CK2,among which those in the treatment of 1/2 M+1/2 R were the highest.The nitrogen dry matter production efficiency of late rice in the mixed sowing treatments was higher than that in CK1,the highest was in the treatment of 1/2 M+1/2 R,which was significantly higher than that in CK1 by 11.17%(P<0.05).The nitrogen harvest indexes of late rice in the mixed sowing treatments were higher than those in CK1 and CK2,among which that in the treatment of 1/2 M+1/2 R was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in CK1 and CK2 by 22.08% and 17.97%,respectively(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Mixed sowing of Chinese milk vetch and rape could improve the yield,plant dry matter and nitrogen absorption and utilization of double cropping rice,and the mixed sowing mode of 1/2 Chinese milk vetch+1/2 rape was the best.
作者
李萍
杨滨娟
张鹏
李新梅
黄国勤
LI Ping;YANG Bin-juan;ZHANG Peng;LI Xin-mei;HUANG Guo-qin(Research Center on Ecological Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期219-228,共10页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300208)
江西农业大学研究生创新专项资金项目(NDYC2018-S010)。
关键词
绿肥
不同比例
水稻产量
干物质
氮素吸收
green manure
different proportion
rice yield
dry matter
nitrogen uptake
