摘要
2010年以来,美国的盟国日本和菲律宾都与中国发生过较为激烈的矛盾和冲突,但美国却未能向两个盟国提供足够有力的支持。美国消极履行同盟义务,是因为它面临“灰色区域困境”。冷战后东亚的局部冲突多呈现为介于和平与战争状态之间的“灰色区域”。一方面,灰色区域冲突的长期性特点催生了美国援助弱势盟友的必要性;另一方面,灰色区域冲突低烈度的特点难以达到激活盟约的规定情形,导致美国无法援引盟约为盟友提供有效支持。为了应对灰色区域困境,美国战略界主张在不引发与中国大规模直接冲突的前提下,设立专门组织机构、增强风险承受能力和提高应对速度。
Since 2010,Japan and the Philippines,as the allies of the United States,have had relatively intense conflicts with China.But the U.S failed to provide strong enough support to them.The reason why the U.S reluctantly fulfills alliance obligations is that it faces the"Gray Zone Dilemma".After the cold war,most of the regional conflicts in East Asia appear as a"gray zone"between peace and war.On the one hand,the long-term of gray zone conflicts gives birth to the necessity of the U.S to assist weak allies;on the other hand,the low intensi ty of gray zone conflicts hardly pass the threshold of the requirements in treaty of alliance,which makes the U.S unable to invoke the covenant to provide effective support for allies.In order to overcome the gray zone dilemma,the U.S.strategic community advocates the estab lishment of specialized institution,the enhancement of risk tolerance and the reinforcement of response speed which are below the threshold that trigger large-scale conflict with China.
作者
贺孝康
He Xiaokang(Institute of International Relations,China Foreign Affairs University)
出处
《战略决策研究》
2020年第3期24-49,I0001,共27页
Journal of Strategy and Decision-Making
关键词
灰色区域困境
美国
同盟
Gray Zone Dilemma
the United States
alliance
