摘要
叶片可直接反映玉米植株的营养状况,是光合作用的主要场所,与干物质积累和产量形成密切相关。本研究以郑单958(ZD958)为试验材料,以T1代表农民习惯处理;T2代表在T1的基础上,增加种植密度,推迟收获,降低施肥量,并优化施肥时期;T3代表在T2的基础上进一步增加种植密度和施肥量;T4代表在T3的基础上,降低种植密度和施肥量;N代表施氮量处理,设N0、N1、N2和N3分别为0、129.0、184.5和300.0kgNhm–2,研究综合农艺管理对夏玉米叶片生长及内源激素的调控作用。综合农艺管理措施包括优化耕作方式、种植密度、施肥量、施肥时期和收获时间等。结果表明,施氮量不足导致IAA、ZR和GA3含量降低,ABA含量升高,叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数(LAI)及比叶重均显著降低;随施氮量的增加,叶片IAA、ZR和GA3含量增加,ABA含量降低,LAI、SPAD和干物质积累量均显著增加。综合农艺管理处理可调节叶片内源激素含量,其中T4处理IAA、ZR和GA3含量较T1处理分别高23.1%、9.8%和14.7%;ABA含量降低12.4%;叶片LAI适宜,SPAD值增加4.2%,最终单株干物质积累量增加12.6%。综合农艺管理在降低施氮量,配合最佳的农艺管理方式下,可调节内源激素含量,增加叶片SPAD和比叶重,有利于单株干物质积累,这可能是促进夏玉米产量增加的重要原因之一。
The leaves are the main place of photosynthesis directly related to the nutritional status,dry matter accumulation and yield formation of maize plants.The experiment was conducted using summer maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 with treatments of T1:local conventional cultivation practices;T2:based on T1,increasing planting density,delaying harvesting time,decreasing fertilizer application,and changing fertilization time;T3:based on T2,further increasing planting density,and further increasing fertilizer rate;T4:based on T3,decreasing planting density and the amount of fertilizer;and nitrogen treatments of N0,N1,N2,and N3,with 0,129.0,184.5,and 300.0 kg N hm-2,respectively.The contents of IAA,ZR,and GA3 decreased and the content of ABA increased,resulting in the decreases of SPAD,leaf area index(LAI)and specific leaf mass,when nitrogen application was not enough.And the contents of IAA,ZR,and GA3 increased,and ABA content decreased,and LAI,SPAD and dry matter accumulation per plant increased significantly with increasing nitrogen application.Integrated agronomic management practices could regulate the content of endogenous hormones in leaves.In T4 treatment,IAA,ZR,and GA3 contents increased by 23.1%,9.8%,and 14.7%,the ABA content decreased by 12.4%,resulting in a suitable LAI;SPAD and final dry matter accumulation per plant were by 4.2%and 12.6%higher,respectively,than those in T1 treatment.Integrated agronomic managements could coordinate endogenous hormone contents,increase leaf SPAD and specific leaf mass,and be beneficial to dry matter accumulation per plant under the condition of reducing nitrogen application combining with optimal agronomic managements,which might be one of the important reasons for increasing summer maize yield.
作者
于宁宁
张吉旺
任佰朝
赵斌
刘鹏
YU Ning-Ning;ZHANG Ji-Wang;REN Bai-Zhao;ZHAO Bin;LIU Peng(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,Shandong,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期960-967,共8页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300304-02)
国家自然科学基金项目(31671629)
国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-02-18)
山东省“双一流”奖补资金(SYL2017YSTD02)资助。
关键词
综合农艺管理
叶片内源激素
比叶重
叶面积指数
SPAD
干物质积累
integrated agronomic management practices
leaf endogenous hormone
specific leaf mass
leaf area index
SPAD
dry matter accumulation
