摘要
目的:连续调查和分析2014-2018年呼和浩特市居民脑卒中危险因素的分布及卒中相关知识的知晓情况。方法:选择呼和浩特市一个社区卫生服务中心和一个乡卫生院辖区内40岁以上常驻居民进行问卷调查,收集脑卒中危险因素分布情况,评估出高危、中危和低危人群,对2014年首次筛查人群同时进行健康宣教干预,2016年是对2014年初筛人群进行的复筛,2017年和2018年是对前一年筛查人群的复筛,同时进行健康宣教干预。2016-2018年连续观察干预后脑卒中相关知识的知晓情况。结果:2014年初筛总人数为6000例,男女比例约为1∶1,高危人群比例为10%,中危人群比例为5%,低危人群比例为76%,危险因素检出率前三位分别为:吸烟、超重、缺乏运动。2016年筛查总人数为3995例,男女比例约为1∶1,高、中、低危人群比例依次为16%、26%、49%,危险因素检出率前三位分别为:糖尿病、吸烟、缺乏运动。2017年筛查人数为4077例,男女比例约为1∶1,高、中、低危人群比例依次为24%、27%、41%,危险因素检出率前三位分别为:血脂异常、高血压、缺乏运动。2018年筛查人数为3170例,男女比例约为1∶1,高、中、低危人群比例依次为21%、40%、33%,危险因素检出率前三位分别为:高血压、血脂异常、缺乏运动。相较于2014年,2016-2018年高血压人群比例逐渐上升。糖尿病人群比例在2016年升高,2017-2018年后下降。血脂异常人数比例于2014、2016-2017年逐渐上升,2018年又下降。相较于2014和2016年,超重人群比例在2017和2018年有所下降。对脑卒中筛查人群进行健康宣教后,对卒中相关知识的知晓率在干预后较干预前都有提高。结论:健康教育干预后,对帮助脑卒中高危人群自觉采取健康行为方式、治疗原发病、卒中后及时识别并尽快就医均具有重要的作用,所以加强对居民的脑卒中健康教育有着深远的意义。
Objective:To investigate the distribution of stroke risk factors and awareness of stroke-related knowledge among residents in Hohhot from the year 2014 to 2018.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among residents over 40 years old in the same community health service center and a township health center in Hohhot.The distribution of risk factors for stroke was collected and the high,medium and low risk groups were assessed.Health education intervention was conducted for the first screening population in 2014.In 2016,screening population was re-screened in early 2014.In 2017 and 2018,screening population was re-screened in the previous year,and health education intervention was carried out at the same time.Result:In 2014,the total number of screening cases was 6000 and the ratio of male to female was about 1∶1.The proportion of high-risk group was 10%,the proportion of middle-risk group was 5%,and the proportion of low-risk group was 76%.The first three risk factors were smoking,overweight and lack of exercise.In 2016,the total number of screening cases was 3995 and the male-female ratio was about 1∶1.The proportion of high-risk,middle-risk and low-risk groups was 16%,26%and 49%,respectively.The top three risk factors were diabetes,smoking and lack of exercise.In 2017,4077 cases were screened,the ratio of male to female was about 1∶1.The proportion of high-risk,middle-risk and low-risk was 24%,27%and 41%,respectively.The first three risk factors were abnormal blood lipid,hypertension and lack of exercise.In 2018,3170 cases were screened,the ratio of male to female was about 1∶1.The proportion of high-risk,middle-risk and low-risk groups was 21%,40%and 33%,respectively.The top three risk factors were hypertension,dyslipidemia and lack of exercise.Compared with the year 2014,the proportion of people with hypertension increased gradually in 2016 to 2018.The proportion of people with diabetes increased in 2016 and decreased in 2017 and 2018.The proportion of dyslipidemia increased gradually in 2014,2016,2017,and decreased again in 2018.Compared with the years 2014 and 2016,the proportion of overweight people decreased in 2017 and 2018.After health education for stroke screening population,the awareness rate of stroke-related knowledge increased from 2016-2018.Conclusion:Health education intervention plays an important role in helping the high-risk population of stroke to consciously adopt healthy behavior,to treat the primary disease,to identify and seek medical treatment as soon as possible after stroke.Therefore,health education for stroke in residents has far-reaching significance.
作者
高瑞江
姚远
朱润秀
袁军
GAO Ruijiang;YAO Yuan;ZHU Runxiu;YUAN Jun(Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, China)
出处
《包头医学院学报》
CAS
2019年第12期45-47,50,共4页
Journal of Baotou Medical College
基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2017MS08156)。
关键词
脑卒中
筛查
危险因素
健康宣教
Stroke
Screening
Risk factors
Health education
