摘要
《快递封装用品》2018年版新国标的出台是快递绿色包装制度化的转折点。运用多源流理论分析新国标的议程设定过程发现:其历经“问题形成+压力主导”—“多方行动+推力主导”—“决策议程+动力主导”三个阶段。在问题形成阶段,快递包装问题引发关注,自下而上的舆论压力和自上而下的工作压力占主导,政策流尚未成熟,政治流开始显现,推力和动力尚显不足;在多方行动阶段,问题流进一步发酵,随着政策共同体相关政策建议不断被提出,政策流逐渐成熟;与此同时,绿色包装的政治氛围正在加强,政策企业家等多主体的推动力占据主导,多重压力仍存,决策主体内生动力尚在积蓄;在决策议程阶段,问题流、政策流与政治流逐步壮大并完成汇聚,压力和推力耦合增强,决策主体的动力积蓄完成,政策之窗完全开启,新国标最终出台。总体上看,多源流模型对于快递包装这类渐进性政策议程仍具有较好的解释力。但研究也发现:三条源流并非完全独立而是相互关联,受政策企业家多重身份的影响,源流间的界限具有模糊性,政策之窗开启具有阶段性;议程设置是“流”“公共能量”与“力”的相互交织与综合作用,“流”最终要释放出“力”,才能完全打开政策之窗并最终完成政策出台。鉴于此,论文提出融合多源流、力和公共能量场的多源流理论扩展模型。新国标顺利出台后,因其本身是推荐性指标,且新型环保材料成本较高,加之违规惩戒监督措施不够,政策执行效力尚显不足。为实现绿色发展,推进绿色包装,需构建起政府引导、企业自律与公众参与的协同治理格局,不断增强动力、激发推力、扩大执行压力和减少成本压力,形成政策执行合力。
The new national standard of Express Packaging Supplies promulgated in 2018 is a turning point for the institutionalized development of green packaging in China's express industry.The Multiple Streams Framework(MSF)is used to analyze the process of setting the policy agenda of the new national standard for express packaging.It can be found that the promulgation of the new national standard has gone through three stages:“problem formation+pressive force”–“diverse agents’action+driving force”–“decision agenda+motive force”.At the stage of problem formation,public pressure from the bottom to up and work pressure from the top to down dominated,which promoted the express packaging problem to spread gradually.At this stage,the policy stream was not yet developed,the political flow was begun to appear and the pressive force dominated while the driving force and motive force was still insufficient.In the diverse agents’action phase,the problem stream is further fermented,which aroused widespread concern of the policy community.As relevant policy recommendations were continuously proposed,the policy stream was gradually maturing,while the political atmosphere of green packaging was strengthening.Meanwhile,the driving force of diverse agent dominated at this stage,social pressure still existed,and the endogenous motivation of the decision-making subject was still accumulating.At the last stage,with the development and expansion the three streams accomplished convergence together,the pressive force and driving force were further strengthened,which promoted the decisive factor of the policy release.In general,the MSF has a good explanatory power in the process of progressive policy agenda setting such as express package.The research finds that the three streams are not completely independent but strongly correlated with each other.Influenced by the“dual identity”of policy entrepreneurs,the boundaries between source flows are ambiguous.The setting of policy agenda was not merely the function of streams but the interwoven and integrated effect of“stream”and“force”.Only when the“stream”finally turns to be“force”can the policy window be opened completely.In view of this,the paper proposes an extended model of MSF integrating Multiple Streams,Forces and Public Energy Field.After the policy is issued,the effectiveness of policy implementation is still insufficient because the new national standard itself is just a recommended indicator.In addition,the high cost of environmental protection materials and the lack of mandatory regulatory measures have also made policies difficult to implement.Therefore,in order to promote the in-depth implementation of policies,it is necessary to build a governance pattern of government guidance,enterprise self-discipline and public participation from source reduction to end recycling in express green packaging,which will continuously enhance the motive force,stimulate driving force,reduce the pressive force in execution and cost,to form a strong join forces in policy implementation.
作者
韩艺
刘莎莎
HAN Yi;LIU Shasha(School of Public Administration,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Center for Anti-Corruption Studies,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)
出处
《四川轻化工大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期35-51,共17页
Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering：Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(12CZZ040)
江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地招标项目(JD16148)。
关键词
绿色发展
绿色包装
快递包装
新国标
政策议程
多源流理论
公共政策
green development
green packaging
new national standard
express delivery packaging
policy agenda
multiple streams theory
public policy
