摘要
冤假错案频发及其相应的司法应对,是描绘我国刑事再审制度实践样态的微观样本。健全冤假错案的及时纠正机制,首要在于刑事再审制度发挥预期功效。刑事司法场域之中,裁判正当性与再审程序实证数据的关联分析表明,我国冤错案件纠正仍缺乏有效的制度路径。部分冤假错案最终得以纠正,无法掩盖再审程序形式化运作的弊病,成功提起再审的案件多取决于偶然事件和法外因素的共同作用。为了确保再审程序之于治理冤错案件的核心地位,避免程序形式化运作致使纠错机制效果不彰,亟需明确再审启动程序"补充性""救济性""衡平性"的本质定位。在此基础上,以案件社会结构理论作为指引,强化再审诉讼构造的实质均衡,藉此提升再审启动审查的有效性,使得启动再审的衡量因素回归事实与法律本身,最大程度消解社会地位差异对于再审案件公正处理的不利影响。
The frequent occurrence of false and wrong cases and their corresponding judicial responses are microscopic samples that depicting the practice of criminal retrial systems in China. The timely correction mechanism for sounding false and wrong cases primarily lies in the expected effectiveness of the criminal retrial system. The correlation analysis and the empirical data of the retrial procedure shows that, there is still no effective institutional path for correcting the wrong case in China. Some of the false and wrong cases were finally corrected, but the drawbacks of the formal operation of the retrial procedure could not be concealed. The cases started the retrial depended on the combined effects of accidents and extra-legal factors. In order to ensure the retrial procedure effective,it is necessary to clarify the essential positioning of the retrial startup procedure, that is complementary, relief and equilibrium. On this basis, the social structure theory of the case can be used as a guide to strengthen the substantive balance of the retrial litigation structure, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the retrial, so that the influencing factors that initiate the retrial are returned to the facts and the law itself, and the adverse effects of the fair handling of retrial cases caused by the social status difference are maximally dispelled.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期122-133,共12页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
关键词
再审启动
冤假错案
及时纠正
司法治理
构造均衡
Retrial Startup
False and Wrong Case
Timely Correction
Judicial Governance
Structural Equilibrium
