摘要
2017年3—5月及2018年4—5月,使用样线法对齐齐哈尔机场及其周边空域鸟类进行了调查,以机场空域不同时间、不同高度下的鸟类为主。结果表明:(1)齐齐哈尔机场空域春季鸟类共45种,隶属于13目24科。其中留鸟9种,夏候鸟31种,旅鸟5种;雀形目鸟类占据优势,共计8科15种,占调查鸟类物种总数的33.33%。(2)在0—20 m、20—40 m、40—100 m及100 m以上4个不同垂直空域中,多样性指数为H 0—20 m>H 40—100 m>H 20—40 m>H>100 m;均匀性指数为E 0—20 m>E 40—100 m>E 20—40 m>E>100 m;鸟击危害性指数为R 20—40 m>R 0—20 m>R 40—100 m>R>100 m。(3)6:00—9:00、15:00—18:00两个时间段内,鸟类出现的数量占总数的76.41%,因此这两个时间段和0—40 m空域是鸟击预防重点。(4)GLM分析表明,不同生境对鸟类群落的物种数、多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数均有显著影响。在5种生境中,树林和草坪的相似性系数最高(R=0.76)。根据数据分析结果和实地考察情况对齐齐哈尔机场鸟击预防措施提出了改进建议。
From March to May 2017 and April to May 2018,we studied birds using the airspace around Qiqihar Airport.We sampled line transects,mainly focusing on birds at different times and at different vertical airspace zones in the airport airspace.We recorded 45 species of spring birds in Qiqihar Airport airspace of 13 orders and 24 families.Of the 45 species,9 species are residents,31 species are summer migrants,and 5 species are passage migrants.Passerine birds were dominant,accounting for one third of bird species(8 families,15 species).In four different vertical airspace zones of 0-20m,20-40m,40-100m and above 100m,species diversity index declined as H0-20 m>H 40-100m>H20-40m>H>100 m.Evenness declined as E0-20m>E 40-100m>E20-40m>E>100 m;The harmfulness index of bird strikes declined as R 20-40 m>R0-20 m>R40-100 m>R>100m.In the two time periods from 6:00-9:00 hrs and from 15:00-18:00 hrs,the numbers of birds accounted for 76%of the total,so these two time periods and 0-40m airspace should be the focus of bird strike prevention.GLM analysis showed that habitat significantly affected species numbers,diversity,evenness and dominance.Among the five habitats,the similarity coefficient between forest and lawn was highest(R=0.76).Based on the results of data analysis and field investigation,we offer suggestions for improvement of birdstrike preventive measures at Qiqihar Airport.
作者
刘安专
曾煜
许青
张明海
LIU Anzhuan;ZENG Yu;XU Qing;ZHANG Minghai(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2020年第2期349-358,共10页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
关键词
群落结构
危害性指数
鸟击预防
齐齐哈尔机场
Community structure
Harmfulness index
Bird strike prevention
Qiqihar Airport
