摘要
贮食行为是动物在应对环境变化为度过食物短缺期,或为交配、繁殖后代而储备食物的生存策略。为探究季节性环境因子变化和食物资源对黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)贮食行为的影响,本文测定了温度光周期、动物性别、限食对该物种贮食量、摄食量、体重等指标的影响。结果显示,雄性黑线仓鼠的体重、摄食量及贮食量均显著高于雌性;在类似于晚秋的低温等光照(10℃±2℃,L∶D=12∶12)条件下驯化1周,会诱导雄性个体体重降低,但摄食量不变,雌性个体则增加摄食量维持体重不变,雌雄的贮食量均不变;每日在白天时段限食可以降低雌性动物体重,但对其贮食量、摄食量无显著影响。结论,黑线仓鼠雌雄两性在低温和食物短缺条件下的能量对策不同。雌性由于体型较小,身体内不能贮存足量脂肪用于能量供应,在类似于晚秋的低温环境下只能通过增加摄食量以满足体温维持的能量需要,但由于受到身体消化吸收能力的生理限制,无法满足维持严寒条件下恒温的能量需求,因此体型较小的雌性个体会采取蛰眠的策略;雄性则由于相对较大的体型,身体贮存较多的可动员能量,且比雌性贮存更多的食物,这可能是其冬季能维持恒温,不蛰眠的原因。
Food hoarding behavior is a survival strategy for animals to cope with environmental changes to survive the food shortage period,or to reserve food for mating and breeding.In order to investigate the effects of seasonal environmental factors and food resources on the hoarding behavior of striped hamster(Cricetulus barabensis),we tested the influences of temperature and photoperiod,gender,and food restriction on their hoard sizes,food intake and body weights.The results showed that the body weights,food intake and hoard sizes of males were significantly higher than those of females.With one week s acclimation in a temperature and photoperiod regime resembling that of late autumn(10±2℃,L∶D=12∶12),male body weights decreased but food intake was unchanged.Female body weights were unchanged and food intake increased during the one week of acclimation.Hoard sizes of both sexes remained the same.Female body weights decreased after dietary restriction during daylight,but hoard sizes and food intake were unchanged.Male and female strategies differed for management of energy resources in cold ambient temperatures and when subjected to food shortage.Because female body size was too small to store enough body fat for energy supply during cold weather,the energy for body temperature maintenance could only be met by increasing food intake.Therefore,the daily torpor of females in winter might be the result of energy restriction.Limited by the physiology of food digestion and absorption by the body,energy acquired from food by females was inadequate to meet the energy demand of maintaining constant body temperature under conditions of severe cold.Males,with larger body size,stored more energy and more food than did females.This might be the reason that males maintained constant body temperature in winter and did not enter torpor.
作者
李思懿
刘振山
李婧
何巧巧
杨明
LI Siyi;LIU Zhenshan;LI Jing;HE Qiaoqiao;YANG Ming(College of Life Sciences,Shenyang Normal University,Shenyang,110034,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2020年第2期280-287,共8页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31670425)。
关键词
黑线仓鼠
贮食
低温
性别
限食
Striped hamster
Food hoarding
Cold
Sex
Food restriction
