摘要
农业生产中运用到大量氮肥,肥料中过量氮流入水中,导致水中氮浓度过高,对生态环境造成极大的影响,治理水中氮污染问题是现代农业生存的关键。生物脱氮因其简单高效、稳定、无二次污染等特点,成为去除水中氮污染的热点。脱氮菌是生物脱氮技术的核心,研究新型高效脱氮菌对生物脱氮技术的发展有着重要意义。目前,关于脱氮菌的研究越来越多,包括脱氮菌分离鉴定、影响因素及实际应用。研究表明,在分离鉴定研究中,大多数脱氮菌的状态为有颜色的圆形菌落,基本都属杆状菌;在影响因素研究中,不管是硝化细菌还是反硝化细菌,最佳温度在30~35℃之间,最佳pH为中性或弱酸弱碱性,硝化细菌的最佳碳氮比在10左右,而反硝化细菌的碳氮比在7左右;在实际应用探究中,发现混合菌比单菌的脱氮效果更为明显,但其中的组合配比仍需进一步研究。生物脱氮技术的研究仍处于实验室阶段,筛选更多高效菌株,优化其脱氮效果,并应用于实际生产中,对我国农业氮污染治理有重要社会价值。
A large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used in agricultural production.The excess nitrogen in the fertilizer flows into the water,causing high nitrogen concentration in the water,which has a great impact on the ecological environment.The controlling of nitrogen pollution in water is the key to the survival of modern agriculture.Biological denitrification has become a hot spot for removing nitrogen pollution in water due to its simple,efficient and stable features without secondary pollution.Denitrifying bacteria is the core of biological nitrogen removal technology.The research of new and efficient denitrifying bacteria is of great significance to the development of biological nitrogen removal technology.At present,more and more researches are conducted on denitrifying bacteria,including isolation and identification,influencing factors and practical applications of denitrifying bacteria..The results show that,in the research of isolation and identification,the states of most denitrifying bacteria are colored circular colonies,which are basically bacillus;in the study of influencing factors,no matter for nitrifying bacteria or denitrifying bacteria,the best temperature is between 30-35℃,the optimal pH is neutral or weak acid and alkaline,and the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio of the nitrifying bacteria is about 10,while the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the denitrifying bacteria is about 7.In the research of actual application,it is found that the denitrification effect of mixed bacteria is more obvious than that of single bacteria,however,the combination ratio needs to be further studied.The research of biological nitrogen removal technology is still in the laboratory stage,and screening more efficient strains,optimizing their nitrogen removal effects,and applying them to actual production will have important social value for the agricultural nitrogen pollution control in China.
作者
潘永亮
黑亮
黄徐
刘雯
蔡名旋
PAN Yongliang;HEI Liang;HUANG Xu;LIU Wen;CAI Mingxuan(Key Laboratory of the Pearl River Estuarine Dynamics and Asociated Process Regulation,Ministry of Water Resources/Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute,Pearl River Water Resource Commission,Guangzhou 510611,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2020年第2期92-101,共10页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
广州市科技计划项目(201904010367)
珠江水利科学研究院科技创新项目(2018ky018)
广东省水利科技创新项目(201707)。
关键词
农业治理
氮污染
生物脱氮技术
脱氮菌
agriculture control
nitrogen pollution
biological nitrogen removal technology
denitrifying bacteria
