摘要
针对日光温室西瓜连续多茬生产存在的光照、温度不适的亚环境以及连作障碍等问题,通过人工补光、人工加热方式进行环境调控以及秸秆腐熟还田和施用微生物有机肥改善土壤养分,利用营养液土壤栽培模式实现水肥最适化管理.第一、三茬选用黄金宝,采用红蓝配比为7∶1,灌溉水体温度为35℃,进行光热调控,定植时间分别为8月中旬和3月下旬,第二茬选用美丽品种,11月中下旬定植;采用功能性堆肥配套秸秆生物反应堆改良土壤;早春茬和秋冬茬栽培滴液量分别为66300 L/667 m^2和79070 L/667 m^2;一年三茬西瓜栽培比一年一茬西瓜一茬番茄经济效益提高40%.通过以上措施,实现了日光温室西瓜一年三熟安全、高效生产.
[Purpose]The essay aims to solve the problems of light,temperature and continuous cropping obstacles when watermelons are cultivated three times in a year at the glasshouse.[Method]To solve these problems mentioned above,we use artificial light and heating,rotten straw,microbial organic fertilizer to make soil nutrient,and utilize mode of nutrient solution to achieve optimum management of water and fertilizer.[Results]Watermelons are planted at the glasshouse three times for a year,in which Huangjinbao watermelon is selected to be cultivated for the first and third time,using red light that has a wavelength of 660 nm and blue light that has a wavelength of 460 nm.The temperature of irrigation water is regulated at 35C by means of providing heat and light.The watermelons are grown in mid-August and late March.The watermelons raised for the second time at the glasshouse are planted in middle and late November;the functional compost and rotten straw are used to improve the soil.In the early spring and autumn and winter,the dropping volume of nutrient liquid is 66300 L/667m^2 and 79070 L/667m^2 respectively.The annual cultivation of the watermelons three times a year is profitable than the growing of tomatoes one time a year,increasing the profit of 40%.[Conclusion]Through these measures,the watermelons planted three times a year are safer and more profitable.
作者
朱弘智
尹翠
张文文
朱红艳
张燕
曹云娥
Zhu Hongzhi;Yin Cui;Zhang Wenwen;Zhu Hongyan;Zhang Yan;Cao Yun'e(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Wanhui Biological Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd,Yinchuan 750021,China)
出处
《农业科学研究》
2019年第4期89-94,共6页
Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
重大科研项目:“设施瓜菜新品种引选与优质高效栽培技术研究”.
关键词
日光温室西瓜
一年三茬
高效栽培技术
sunlight greenhouse
watermelon
three-year-a-year
highly efficient cultivation techniques.
