摘要
红外检测作为一种新型无损检测技术广泛应用于电力、机械及航空航天等领域,已成为现代工业中必不可少的一部分。相比于传统检测技术,红外检测技术具有非接触、检测速度快、实时监测等优点。振动红外热成像检测技术属于红外无损检测技术的一种,其由于单次激励面积大,检测时不受构件形状的限制且对常规检测技术难以检测的微裂纹具有很好的检测效果,从而得到了广泛研究。然而,振动红外热成像技术在检测时容易受到检测条件(预紧力、耦合材料)和检测参数(激励频率、振幅、时间)的影响,使得检测结果可重复性较差、效果不佳。研究者们除了对检测条件和参数进行了有关探究外,还重点研究了该技术在不同缺陷检测中的适用性。该技术在腐蚀分层、冲击损伤、裂纹、埋藏缺陷等检测中已得到成功应用。该技术最早应用于裂纹缺陷检测,其对形状复杂的部件的微裂纹检测效果好,能检测出裂纹的扩展程度和部件的损伤程度;在复合材料的腐蚀分层、冲击损伤等检测领域应用最多,能探测出分层的位置和大小、冲击损伤的程度;近年来开始应用于埋藏缺陷的检测,其虽然能检测出涂层下和内部的埋藏裂纹,但存在探测深度的局限性,检测效果对图像处理有很大的依赖性。本文首先重点介绍了振动红外热成像技术的原理、发展历程及相关设备和常用的图像处理技术。随后,综述了该技术的生热机理(摩擦、粘弹性效应及塑性变形)及其在腐蚀分层、冲击损伤、疲劳裂纹和埋藏裂纹等缺陷方面的研究现状。最后简要总结了振动红外热成像技术的优缺点,指出降低功率、提高图像处理清晰度和改进算法、多种检测方法的集成化是该技术未来的重点发展方向。
As a new type of non-destructive testing technology,infrared detection has been widely used in life,industry,aerospace and other fields.It has become an indispensable part of modern industry.It has the advantages of non-contact,fast detection and real-time monitoring compared with traditional detection technology.Vibrothermography detection technology belongs to infrared non-destructive testing.Because of its large single excitation area,it is not limited by the shape of the component during testing,and it has a good detection effect on microcracks which are difficult to detect by conventional detection techniques.However,the vibrothermography technology is susceptible to detection conditions(preload,coupling material)and detection parameters(excitation frequency,amplitude,time)during detection,which makes the detection results less reproducible and poorly effective.In addition to the investigation of the test conditions and parameters,the researchers focused on the adaptability of the technology in different defect detection.It has been successfully applied in the detection of corrosion delamination,impact damage,cracks,buried defects and the like.Among them,crack defect detection is the earliest application.It has good detection effect on microcracks of complex shapes,and can show the degree of crack propagation and the degree of damage of components.Corrosion delamination and impact damage of composite materials are the most widely used and can be detected.The location and size of the layer,the degree of impact damage;and the buried defects have only been applied in recent years.Although the underlying coating and the internal buried crack can be detected,there are limitations of the detection depth,and the detected effect is on image processing.There is a big dependency.Firstly,the principle,development history and some equipments and common image processing techniques of vibrothermography technology are introduced firstly.Then,the heat generation mechanism(friction,viscoelastic effect,plastic deformation)and its corrosion in the technology are reviewed.Research status of layers,impact damage,fatigue cracks and buried cracks.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of vibration infrared thermal imaging technology are briefly summarized.It is pointed out that reducing power,improving the sharpness of image proces-sing and improving algorithms,and integrating multiple detection methods are the key development directions of this technology in the future.
作者
高治峰
董丽虹
王海斗
吕振林
郭伟
王博正
GAO Zhifeng;DONG Lihong;WANG Haidou;LYU Zhenlin;GUO Wei;WANG Bozheng(School of Materials Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;National Key Laboratory for Remanufaeturing,Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China;School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第9期158-163,共6页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(51675532,51535011)。
关键词
振动红外热成像
缺陷检测
生热
腐蚀
分层
裂纹
vibrothermography
defect detection
heat generation
corrosion
delamination
crack
