摘要
相比于锂离子电池,钠离子电池具有资源丰富、分布广泛和成本低廉等优点,在大规模储能领域有广阔的应用前景,近几年获得了学术界广泛的关注。在钠离子电池体系中,负极材料对整个电池的能量密度和循环性能有着重要的影响。而在众多的负极材料中,尖晶石型钛酸锂凭借其优异的循环性能以及相对较高的钠离子脱嵌电位,被认为是一种极具应用潜力的钠离子电池负极材料。然而,由于钛酸锂中钛的最外层轨道缺少电子,导致钛酸锂的导电性不佳。同时,由于钠离子半径较大,在脱嵌过程中离子扩散阻力大,易引起钛酸锂晶格畸变,严重制约着钛酸锂的倍率性能和循环性能。针对上述问题,近年来研究者们基于深入的储钠机制研究,通过结构设计和界面优化,显著提升了钛酸锂在钠离子电池中的电化学性能。目前,文献报道的改善钛酸锂储钠性能的策略主要有:引入电导率较高的包覆层和离子掺杂来提高材料电子导电率,缓解嵌钠过程中的晶格畸变;通过结构调控设计纳米尺寸的钛酸锂材料以缩短离子扩散距离和增大其与电解液的接触面积。本文综述了近年来钛酸锂负极材料在钠离子电池中的研究现状,着重对钛酸锂的结构与性能、合成方法和改性研究等方面进行了深入的阐述,并对下一阶段钛酸锂作为钠离子电池负极的研究与应用进行了展望。
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have good application prospects in the field of large-scale energy storage owing to the advantages of sodium abundant resources and low cost.In SIBs,anode materials show an important influence on the energy density and cycle performance of the batteries.Among these anode materials,spinel Li 4Ti 5O 12(LTO)is considered as a promising candidate due to its excellent cycle performance and relatively high discharge potential.However,it exhibits poor electronic conductivity since the orbit of titanium in Li 4Ti 5O 12 lacks electrons.Also,the ion diffusion resistance is large during the deintercalation process and thus the lattice distortion tends to happen due to the large radius of sodium ions.In recent years,the sodium storage mechanism of Li 4Ti 5O 12 has been deeply studied.From the structural point of view,more breakthroughs have been made to significantly improve the electrochemical performance of Li 4Ti 5O 12 in sodium-ion batteries.How to realize the Li 4Ti 5O 12 with a high rate performance to construct an advanced sodium-ion battery for large-scale energy storage is still a challenge.At present,the strategies to improve the sodium storage performance of Li 4Ti 5O 12 include:(i)surface coating and ion doping to increase the ion diffusion rate and electron conductivity,and to alleviate the lattice distortion during sodium encapsulation;(ii)designing nano-sized Li 4Ti 5O 12 materials to improve the properties of materials by shortening the ion diffusion distance and increasing the contact area with electrolyte.In this paper,the recent research progress of Li 4Ti 5O 12 as anode material for sodium-ion batteries is reviewed,focusing on the structure and electrochemical properties of Li 4Ti 5O 12,synthesis methods,modification research and so on.The future research and application of Li 4Ti 5O 12 in the anode material of sodium-ion battery are prospected.
作者
梁康
任玉荣
唐有根
孙旦
贾树勇
王海燕
黄小兵
LIANG Kang;REN Yurong;TANG Yougen;SUN Dan;JIA Shuyong;WANG Haiyan;HUANG Xiaobing(Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Lite-On OPTO(CZ)Co.,Ltd,Changzhou 213100,China;Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction&Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials,Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering,Hunan University of Arts and Science,Changde 415000,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第9期41-47,共7页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(U1607127
91961126
21576030)。
关键词
钠离子电池
负极材料
钛酸锂
合成方法
导电性
sodium-ion battery
anode material
lithium titanate
synthetic methods
conductivity
