摘要
油类污染给水质带来了严重的破坏,其治理方式一直是国内外的研究热点。燃烧、微生物降解、吸附法等常被用在油类污染的治理中,其中吸附法在吸附油类时因成本低、效率高、易于回收处理,同时对环境没有负面影响,引起了研究者的广泛关注。对于传统的吸附材料,如木棉纤维、谷物秸秆等天然有机吸附剂吸油能力低、亲水性差;硅藻土和沸石等无机吸附剂表现出较差的可浮性和缓慢的动力学;吸油树脂、聚丙烯纤维等合成有机吸附剂是非生物降解的。因此,迫切需要开发具有优良的选择吸附性、高吸附能力、适当的可回收性的吸附剂。与传统的吸附材料相比,气凝胶用于油类污染物的吸附具有质量轻、吸附量大、高选择吸附性等优点,成为近年来的研究热点。具有吸油性能的气凝胶主要包括二氧化硅气凝胶、生物质气凝胶、碳气凝胶和石墨烯气凝胶。上述四种气凝胶吸油材料各有优缺点,二氧化硅气凝胶成本低,但其吸附量远低于其他类别的气凝胶。生物质气凝胶来源广、环境友好,但机械强度低、易碎。碳气凝胶具有化学惰性,不易被污染,但是设备和工艺复杂,且有些原料有毒。石墨烯气凝胶的吸附量最大,但是高成本限制了其大规模使用。研究人员通过不同材料间的复合、原料的选择和工艺的简化,推进了气凝胶在实际油污处理中的应用。本文总结了各类气凝胶在吸油方面的研究进展,介绍了气凝胶的改性制备过程和吸油性能研究,对比了有机/无机硅基气凝胶和石墨烯气凝胶对油类的吸附性能与吸附动力学,并对气凝胶吸油材料未来的发展方向进行了展望。
Oil pollution has caused serious damage to water,and its treatment has always been a research hotspot at domestic and abroad.In-situ bur-ning,microbial degradation,and adsorption methods are often used in the treatment of oil pollution.Among them,the adsorption of oil causes widespread concern due to low cost,high efficiency,easy to recycle,and has no negative impact on the environment.Traditional oil adsorption materials,natural organic adsorbents such as kapok fiber has low oil absorption capacity and poor hydrophilicity,inorganic adsorbents such as zeolite exhibit poor floatability and slow kinetics,Synthetic organic adsorbents such as polypropylene fibers are non-biodegradable.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop an adsorbent having excellent selective adsorption,high adsorption capacity,and appropriate recyclability.Compared with traditional adsorption materials,aerogels have the advantages of light weight,large adsorption capacity and high selective adsorption,which have become the hotspots in recent years.Research on aerogels based oil adsorption materials mainly include:SiO 2 aerogel,cellulose aerogel,carbon aerogel and graphene aerogel.The above four aerogel oil-absorbing materials have their own advantages and disadvantages.SiO 2 aerogel has low cost,but its oil adsorption capacity is much lower than other types of aerogels.Bio-based aerogel has wide source and environmental friendliness,but it’s mechanical strength is low and fragile.Carbon aerogels are chemically inert and not easily contaminated,but equipment and processes are complex and some raw materials are toxic.Graphene aerogel has the largest adsorption capacity in aerogels,but its high cost limits its large-scale use.Researchers have promoted the application of aerogels in actual oil treatment through the combination of different materials,the choice of raw mate-rials and the simplification of the process.In this paper,the research progress of various aerogels in oil adsorption is summarized.The modification process and oil absorption perfor-mance of aerogels are introduced.The adsorption properties and adsorption kinetics of organic/inorganic silicon based aerogel and graphene ae-rogel for oils are discussed and compared.In addition,the future development of aerogels based oil adsorption materials are also prospected.
作者
刘伟
崔升
李建平
叶欣
尚思思
杨照军
沈晓冬
LIU Wei;CUI Sheng;LI Jianping;YE Xin;SHANG Sisi;YANG Zhaojun;SHEN Xiaodong(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211800,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites,Nanjing 211800,China;Suqian Advanced Materials Institute,Nanjing Tech University,Suqian 223800,China;Suqian Meida Purification Technology Co.,Ltd,Suqian 223800,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第9期19-27,共9页
Materials Reports
基金
江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(15KJA430005)
江苏省重点研发(产业前瞻与共性关键技术)项目(BE2016171,BE2017151)
宿迁市科技计划项目(M201704)。
关键词
气凝胶
制备
吸油
疏水改性
动力学
aerogel
preparation
oil adsorption
hydrophobic modification
kinetics
