摘要
以2008-2018年俄罗斯煤炭工业事故为研究对象,围绕事故分类、事故发生时间及地区分布、事故原因及安全监察监管现状等进行统计分析。结果表明:俄罗斯煤炭年开采量呈逐年增长趋势,其中露天煤矿煤炭年开采量及其在煤炭总开采量中的比重逐年提高;俄罗斯煤炭工业事故起数、死亡人数及百万吨煤死亡率呈现"三个下降"规律。与此同时,俄罗斯煤炭工业安全监察监管过程中发现的企业违规违法行为逐年减少,但是行政处罚及其中包括的罚款次数和罚金总数呈逐年增长趋势,俄罗斯煤炭工业风险导向性安全监管机制运行良好。2008-2018年间,俄罗斯联邦西伯利亚联邦管区是煤炭工业事故高发地区;俄罗斯煤炭工业事故及事故人员伤亡主要发生在井工煤矿,煤炭工业火灾事故起数占比最大,瓦斯与煤尘爆炸事故导致最多的人员伤亡。俄罗斯煤炭企业安全管理上的漏洞、从业人员违反操作规程和劳动纪律是上述事故发生的最主要原因。
Based on the Russian official statistical data,this paper took accidents in coal industry of Russia during 2008 and 2018 as the analysis object.The results showed that,the annual coal mining volume in Russia is increasing year by year,in which the annual output of open-pit coal mine and its proportion in the total coal mining volume are increasing year by year;Russian coal industry has achieved"three declines"in the total number of accidents,deaths and the death rate of millions of tons of coal.At the same time,the number of illegal behaviors found in the process of safety inspection of Russian coal industry is decreasing year by year,however,the number of administrative penalties and fines included in them is increasing year by year,and the risk oriented supervision mechanism of Russian coal industry is running well.During 2008 and 2018,the federal district of Siberia was the main area of coal industry accidents in Russia.Coal industry fires accounted for the largest proportion of accidents,and gas and coal dust explosion accidents caused the largest number of casualties.Lax safety management in Russian coal enterprises,violation of operation regulations and labor discipline by employees are the main reasons for the above accidents.
作者
臧小为
沈瑞琪
Е.В.尤尔托夫
宋泽阳
潘旭海
蒋军成
ZANG Xiaowei;SHEN Ruiqi;YURTOV EV;SONG Zeyang;PAN Xuhai;JIANG Juncheng(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China;School of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science&Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Institute of Modern Energetics and Nanomaterials,D.Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia,Moscow 125047,Russian)
出处
《煤矿安全》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第3期247-251,256,共6页
Safety in Coal Mines
关键词
俄罗斯
煤炭工业
安全管理
安全监察
违规成本
Russia
coal industry
safety management
safety supervision
violation cost
