摘要
为掌握三峡库区面源污染研究动态并明确研究中存在的问题,基于1990-2018年三峡库区面源污染的相关研究成果,检索、分类并统计分析了已发表论文数量变化趋势和高频被引论文内容,从机理、影响因素、负荷与模型模拟、防治四个方面论述了库区面源污染的研究进展,以便更好地进行区域生态系统管理。面源污染机理研究主要集中在降雨径流、土壤侵蚀、不同土地利用类型、不同管理措施下泥沙、N、P等污染物流失特征,多关注单一过程及单一尺度,严重破碎化土地利用格局背景下的面源污染发生过程、扩散格局及其转化机制有待进一步研究。影响因素多讨论土地利用,景观格局变化对面源污染的影响机制仍不明晰。负荷模拟研究主要是建立经验模型和探讨国外模型在库区的适用性,原始开发少。面源污染防治措施多集中于工程及单一技术措施,最佳管理措施(BMPs)的研究较少,缺乏生态系统、景观及流域尺度面源污染综合防控技术。提出三峡库区面源污染研究需在以下方面有所加强:(1)不同尺度和格局下N、P、泥沙等耦合作用下的运移、转化机理及其不同污染物在不同陆面斑块界面之间转化机制;(2)景观过程与面源污染动态关系;(3)借鉴国外模型理念,研发适合我国区域地理特征的面源污染机理预测模型;(4)建设标准化面源污染监测系统;(5)统筹“山水林田湖草”系统治理,研发面源污染综合防控技术体系。
In order to clarify the problems and deficiencies of the tendency of research on non-point source pollution,the count and changing tendency of related literatures and contents of high-cited literatures were retrieved,classified and analyzed statistically in this paper based on the research results of non-point source pollution from 1990 to 2018 in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA).The research progress of non-point source pollution in the TGRA was discussed from four aspects of the mechanism,influencing factors,load and model simulation and prevention to achieve better regional ecosystem management.Existing research on the mechanism of non-point source pollution was mainly from a single process and scale of rainfall runoff,soil erosion,different land uses and the loss characteristics of pollutants of sediment,N,and P,etc.under different management measures;further research will focus on the occurring process,diffusing pattern and its transforming mechanism of non-point source pollution under the background of severe fragmentized land use.On the influencing factors,more existing discussions were on land use without a clear influential mechanism of how the landscape pattern changes to generate non-point source pollution.In the load simulation,existing research was mainly on establishing the empirical model and discussing the applicability of foreign models in the reservoir area,few of them were on primary developments.In preventing non-point source pollution,existing research focused mainly on engineering and single technical measures,few of them were on the optimal management(BMPs)and on the comprehensive prevention and control technology of non-point source pollution in ecosystems,landscapes and watersheds.Research on non-point source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir area should be improved as follows:(1)the migration and transformation mechanism of the N and P and sediment under coupling action in different scales and patterns and the mechanism of their different pollutants transferring among the interface of different land surface patches;(2)the dynamic relationship between non-point source pollution and landscape process;(3)using foreign model ideas as a reference to develop a prediction model of non-point source pollution applicable for our regional geographical characteristics;(4)establishing a standard non-point source pollution monitoring system;(5)overall planning of systematic governance of‘mountain,water,forest,land,lake and grass,’and developing a comprehensive technical system of prevention and control of the area’s source pollution.
作者
李乐
刘常富
LI Le;LIU Changfu(Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《生态科学》
CSCD
2020年第2期215-226,共12页
Ecological Science
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505306)。
关键词
三峡库区
面源污染
模型模拟
迁移转化
控制
Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)
non-point source pollution
model simulation
migration and transformation
control
