摘要
闽江口海域是福建最重要的经济发展区,但也存在许多环境污染问题。2018年10-12月,对闽江入海口区域的陆源入海排污口开展调查和监测。本次共调查93个排污口,主要分布在琅岐岛(34.4%)和粗芦岛(20.4%)上。入海排污口的类型以设闸排污口为主,共调查有52个,占调查总数的55.9%,主要分布在琯头镇区域(17个)和琅岐岛(12个)。监测结果表明,闽江河口海域陆源排污口的氨氮、总氮和总磷超标严重,五类水质和劣五类水质样品分别占29.9%和37.7%。其中,设闸排污口的劣V类和V类水质样品最多,其次是自然径流。从区域来看,在琯头镇的劣V类和V类水质样品共有18个,占该镇排污口样品总数的90%。水质样品的最高监测浓度为:氨氮-20.2mg/L,总氮-27.0mg/L,总磷-2.86mg/L,氨氮浓度已经超过《污水综合排放标准》的一级标准(15mg/L)。闽江河口陆源入海排污口的污染物主要来源于农村和农业面源污染。针对排污口排污超标情况严重问题提出了加强农村面源污染监管和控制、开展重要排污口重点治理工程、开展陆源入海排污口详查等相应的措施和建议,为闽江河口陆源入海排污口整治提供科学支撑。
Minjiang estuary area is the important economic development zone in Fujian province,but there are many environmental problems.During the 10-12 months of 2018,land-based sewage outlets were investigated and monitored in Minjiang estuary area.There are total 93 sewage outlets,mainly distributed in Langqi Island(34.4%)and Culu Island(20.4%).The main type of sewage outlet is sluice(52 outlets),for 55.9% of the total outlets,and mostly distributed in Guantou Town area(17 outlets)and Langqi Island(12 outlets).The monitoring results show that ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen and total phosphorus of sewage outlets exceeding the standard seriously.The percentage of water sample for class-5 and class-5 worse waterquality is respectively 29.9%and 37.7%.The largest number of class-5 and class-5 worse waterquality is from sluice outlets,and then the natural surface runoff.In view of administrative region,there are 18 sewage outlets for five and five bad waterquality in Guantou Town area,accounting for 90%of all sewage outlets her.Maximum concentration is 20.2 mg/L for ammonia nitrogen,27.0 mg/L for total nitrogen,2.86 mg/L for total phosphorus,and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen exceed the first waterquality of integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(15 mg/L).The main pollution sources are rural and agricultural non-point source pollution in Minjiang estuary area.At last,the corresponding measures and advice to were given,for example,strengthening the supervision and control of non-point source pollution in rural areas,carrying out treatment projects of important sewage outlets,carrying out investigation of all land-based sewage outlets into the sea,etc.,to provide scientific and technological support for land-based sewage outlet control.
作者
杨玉波
YANG Yubo(Fujian Offshore Environmental Monitoring Station,Putian 351100,China)
出处
《海洋开发与管理》
2020年第3期36-40,共5页
Ocean Development and Management
基金
福建省环保科技计划项目(2017R024)。
关键词
闽江口
陆源排污口
氮磷
监测
调查
Minjiang estuary
Land-based sewage outlet
Nitrogen and phosphorus
Monitor
Investigation
