摘要
本文从企业内外两个层面分析了其"智造"转型的主要影响因素,具体包括企业创新能力、制度压力以及利益相关者压力三个方面,采用问卷调查的方法对其进行了验证,并比较了各变量的作用强度,对企业"智造"转型的动力机制进行了剖析。研究结果表明:企业创新能力和制度压力对工业企业"智造"转型均具有显著的正向影响;主要利益相关者对工业企业"智造"转型具有显著的正向影响,而次要利益相关者并不具有显著影响;企业规模调节了企业创新能力和制度压力对工业企业"智造"转型的影响作用,但对利益相关者压力的调节效应不显著。
With the intensification of global competition and the acceleration of industrialization,the global manufacturing landscape has undergone great changes,and the operating environment of traditional manufacturing has undergone profound changes.Due to the rapid increase in factor costs,the competitiveness of some enterprises has declined,and some traditional advantage markets have gradually been occupied by some highly automated companies.Traditional enterprises are facing the challenge of transformation,and industrialization,informationization,intelligence,and automation are inevitable trends.In the era of industrial 4.0,the words"intelligent manufacturing organization system","intelligent manufacturing system"and"intelligent workshop"have become the new embodiment of intelligent production.The emergence of new technologies such as artificial intelligence,robot and big data is gradually changing the influence of traditional manufacturing paradigm on industrial enterprises,which will have a subversive impact on traditional manufacturing enterprises.In this context,how to develop traditional manufacturing enterprises?If we follow the old way of development,many Chinese enterprises will lose their original competitiveness.If we research,introduce advanced technology and adopt intelligent production system,we will bear great cost pressure.At present,enterprises from"manufacturing"to"intelligent manufacturing"has become a new topic.The research on intellectual transformation of industrial enterprises(ITIE)mainly focuses on two aspects of technology and management.Some scholars have explored the prior factors and driving forces of transformation of industrial enterprises,but the research on the dynamic mechanism and theoretical model of its transformation is still scarce and has certain limitations.Under the background of the new era,the key to the realization of the goal of"made in China 2025"lies in the transformation and upgrading of the traditional manufacturing industry.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the dynamic mechanism of the transformation of intelligent manufacturing in enterprises.At present,the theoretical research on enterprise transformation mainly focuses on industrial upgrading,innovation of organizational structure,added value of products,etc.,and there are few literatures on the transformation of intelligent manufacturing.In the existing research,most scholars regard corporate transformation as a causal variable,and study its impact on corporate management.There are few studies that use transformation as an antecedentvariable.In addition,in the study of dynamic mechanism of enterprise transformation,there is no comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors of intellectual transformation of enterprises,but mostly analyse one factor of them.Finally,there are few studies on the relationship between corporate transformation and its prior variable,and studies on the intermediate or moderating variables of the relationship between them have yet to be developed.At present,a new round of industrial and technological revolution are springing up all over the world,and the transformation of intelligent manufacturing has become a common concern of managers and theoretical researchers.The focus of this study is the impact mechanism of intellectual transformation of enterprises.This paper constructs a scale based on literature research.The scale contains 5 variables and 11 indicators.54 manufacturing companies in Beijing,Wuhan,Chengdu and other cities are selected as the research objects.The survey is mainly based on field surveys and interview surveys,and online surveys are used for companies with long distances.A total of 454 questionnaires were sent out in this survey,with 285 valid questionnaires and an effective recovery rate of 62.78%.In addition,we explored the regulatory effects of the scale of enterprise(SE).The findings of the study are as follows.First,the study found that innovation ability(IA)has a promoting effect on ITIE and supports the idea that IA plays a central role in the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry proposed byVerspagen et al.In addition,the impact of cooperative innovation capability on ITIE is not significant,and the ability of independent innovation(AII)and the ability of absorption and re-innovation(AAR)play an important role in supporting intellectual transformation of enterprises.Second,research shows that the three pre-variables of forced pressure(FP),normative pressure(NP),and cognitive pressure(CP)all positively affect ITIE,and institutional pressure(IP)also has a significant positive impact on ITIE.When the institutional pressure faced by enterprises is strong,it is objectively required to accelerate the pace of intelligent manufacturing transformation.On the contrary,companies should choose from the perspective of operating efficiency,actively seek opportunities,and break through the technology lock-in to prepare for corporate transformation.Third,the stress of stakeholders(SP)has a significant positive effect on ITIE.Through regression analysis,it is found that compared with the stress of primary stakeholders(SPS),the positive impact of secondary stakeholder pressure on intellectual transformation of enterprises is weaker.On the whole,SP has a significant positive effect on ITIE.Managers must actively respond to the pressure of stakeholders and take appropriate measures to promote the informatization and intelligentization.Finally,SE positively adjusted the relationship between IP and ITIE,stakeholder stress(SS)and ITIE,respectively.However,the regulatory effect of SE on IA and ITIE is not significant.When three variables work together in ITIE,the effect of SS on transformation in large enterprises is more significant.This shows that large enterprises are more likely to be concerned by various stakeholders,and achieve intelligent manufacturing transformation in the face of institutional pressure.According to the conclusions,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions.Firstly,managers should attach importance to improving innovation ability,provide institutional guarantee for enterprise innovation,motivate employees to innovate,and build an innovative atmosphere,which is the internal foundation of intelligent manufacturing transformation of industrial enterprises.At the same time,enterprises should give full play to the role of internal R&D institutions and strengthen cooperation with universities,enterprises and scientific research institutes.Secondly,enterprises should attach importance to various social pressures.As enterprise managers,it is easier to focus on institutional pressures and key stakeholders,while ignoring the appeals of secondary stakeholders.According to the characteristics of operation,the integration of institutional pressure and stakeholder pressure can provide the basis for intelligent manufacturing transformation.Thirdly,according to the scale of the enterprise and the actual situation of the business performance index,we should formulate the transformation strategy and promote the enterprise to realize digitization,informatization and intelligence.
作者
江玉国
Jiang Yuguo(School of Business,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610101,Sichuan,China;College of Management Science,Chengdu University of Science and Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan,China)
出处
《科研管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期104-114,共11页
Science Research Management
基金
中国博士后科学基金项目:“新动能成长视域下城市智造业竞争力研究”(2017M622983,2017.09-2019.12)
四川县域经济发展研究中心项目:“新动能成长视域下四川省县域绿色产业竞争力动态评价研究”(xy2017028,2017.01-2019.12)
四川循环经济研究中心项目:“现代农业视域下四川省农业循环经济发展评价研究”(XHJJ1716,2018.01-2019.12)
四川矿产资源研究中心项目:“四川省绿色矿业的内涵、发展维度及评价研究”(SCKCZY2018-YB005,2018.09-2020.08)。
关键词
工业企业
“智造”转型
驱动力
动力机制
industrial enterprises
intellectual transformation
driving force
dynamic mechanism
