摘要
包头混合型稀土矿是世界上储量最大的单体稀土矿床,其合理开发利用对全球稀土格局具有举足轻重的影响。我国自主开发的第三代硫酸法实现了包头稀土矿低成本、大规模、连续化生产,成为行业主流工艺并沿用至今。随着稀土产业的快速发展,资源浪费与环境污染问题已成为制约稀土行业健康可持续发展的瓶颈。本文回顾了包头稀土矿工业应用的经典冶炼分离工艺的发展历史,并重点介绍了包头稀土矿典型绿色冶炼分离新工艺及应用情况,主要包括非皂化萃取分离稀土新工艺、联动萃取分离稀土新工艺、碳酸氢镁法冶炼分离包头稀土矿新工艺、盐酸-硫酸联合法冶炼矿物型稀土矿新工艺等,为包头稀土矿的清洁、高效开发利用提供了坚实的技术支撑。同时针对包头混合型稀土矿综合利用和绿色发展提出了相关建议,加快绿色技术推广应用、持续开发绿色创新技术、建立稀土资源绿色提取分离技术体系是下一步的工作重点。
Baotou mixed rare earth ore is the largest rare earth reserve in the world, and the reasonable development and utilization of Baotou ore is critical for the global rare earth industry. The third-generation sulfuric acid process, which was independently developed by China, has achieved the low-cost, large-scale and continuous production of rare earth oxides from Baotou mixed concentrates, and has become the dominant technology in the rare earth industry. However, issues of resources and environment have become the bottlenecks to hinder the rapid and health sustainable development of rare earth industry. This paper provided an overview of the history of the classical hydrometallurgy and the separation processes for the Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate in industrial practice, especially, focused on the new green processes and their applications in industry. These processes included the new non-saponification extraction technology for the rare earths separation, the new linkage extraction technology for the rare earths separation, the new extraction and separation process of Baotou rare earth concentrate using magnesium bicarbonate and the novel hydrochloric acid-sulfuric acid combined method for the extraction and separation of mineralogical rare earth concentrate, and these processes provided a solid technical support for the efficient and cleaner production of Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate. Also, relevant suggestions were put forward for the comprehensive utilization and green development of Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate, including accelerating the promotion and application of green technologies, continuing to develop green innovative technologies, and establishing a green extraction and separation technology system for rare earth resources.
作者
王猛
黄小卫
冯宗玉
龙志奇
彭新林
张永奇
Wang Meng;Huang Xiaowei;Feng Zongyu;Long Zhiqi;Peng Xinlin;Zhang Yongqi(Grirem Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd.,National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials,GRINM Group Corporation Limited,General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China;Hebei Province Rare Earth Functional Materials Manufacturing Innovation Center,Xiongart 071700,China)
出处
《稀有金属》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期1131-1141,共11页
Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51674037)
广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目(桂科AA18242022)
有研科技集团有限公司青年科研基金项目资助
关键词
包头混合型稀土矿
冶炼分离
绿色工艺
Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate
extraction and separation
green technologies
