摘要
已知避难建筑相较于场地型避难场所更有利于中长期避难,而目前我国城镇避难场所建设以场地型为主,建筑型避难场所存在严重不足。基于此,首先提出将中小学校舍建设为建筑型避难场所的重要性及可行性,并从空间利用角度对其可作为避难建筑的类型进行分析研究,指出中小学体育馆、食堂、宿舍和教室可建设为避难建筑;其次对我国城镇地区现状中小学校舍能够作为避难建筑的容灾能力进行分析,结果表明:现状满足100%的短期灾时避难人口的避难需求,以及满足60%的中长期灾时避难人口的避难需求;最后通过计算进行预测,可知随着城镇人口的增长,其所需的避难规模能够在日常城镇中小学校舍建设更新中逐步实现,大约需要未来20年时间基本可以实现中等规模灾害建筑型避难,大灾害长期避难能够满足100%的中长期灾时避难人口的避难需求,具有规划规模可实现性和可行性。
It is known that refuge buildings are more conducive to medium and long-term refuge than site-type refuges.At present,the construction of shelters in China is mainly site type,and there are serious shortages in building architectural refuges.This paper first proposes the importance and feasibility of building architectural refuges by using primary and secondary school and analyzes the types of buildings that can be used as evacuation buildings from the perspective of space utilization.The study points out that the gymnasium,the canteen,the dormitory,and the classroom can be built as the refuge building.Secondly,the analysis of the scale of the primary and secondary school buildings in China's urban areas can be used as a refuge building and the results show that the current situation meets the short-term refuge of 100%short-term disaster evacuation needs for asylum-seeking populations and 60%of evacuation needs of refuge populations in medium and long-term disasters.Finally,the prediction shows that the growth of urban population,the scale of evacuation required can be gradually realized in the daily construction of school buildings in urban areas.It takes about 20 years to achieve medium-sized building refuge.The long-term refuge can meet the needs of 100%of evacuation needs of refuge populations in medium and long-term disasters,so it has the achievability and feasibility of planning.
作者
王丽华
马东辉
WANG Lihua;MA Donghui(College of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Institute of Earthquake Resistance and Disaster Reduction,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)
出处
《世界地震工程》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期153-161,共9页
World Earthquake Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51678017)
北京市教育委员会科技计划一般项目(KM201610005029)
关键词
建筑型避难场所
中小学校舍
避难人口
避难场所净面积
避难规模
refuge buildings
primary and secondary school buildings
evacuation population
net area of shelters
scale of evacuation
